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?1. OEOHIiK's, HLiCKBIHN, LASCASHIBK. 



rx FOUR VOLUMES. 



PHISTED FOR PRIVATE CIRCULATIOS. 
1870. 




fiailliam Albis Saright. iH.X. 

LIBRAELiX OF TEDnXT CX>LLEGE. CAMBBmCE. 

AXD 

SaiUiam (Scorgc Clark. iH.^., 

EEJaOB FELLOW AXD VICE-MASTER OF TRIXITT COLLEGE. 

CA3CBEIDGE. 



ITt "terie goode freexds" 

— Adopting the old greeting in the 
old spelling of Bacox and AIiltox, as it liketh 
me to ke-ep up the old, kindly, good-mannered 
custom of an Epii^tle-dedicatory — 

<3f insrribr ia !|oit 
this first collective edition of the Works of 

^ir $nlkt 6rrbinr, ^orb ^rookt: 
to one, as to a personal friend — and so named 
first — inevitably helpful in all scholarly and well- 
read, and unostentatious and pleasant ways, asked 
and unasked, all through my labours bn these 
Worthies : to both, as never to be disjoined 
in thought or regard or gratitude, while the 
Cambridge Shakespeare is remembered ; and that 
must be so long as Shakespeare is. 

I know what my own lesser editing has cost 
me, and so can estimate somewhat of the unshewn 
and unshcwy toil behind the visible pages ; the 




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REV. AliEXANHKH II. <i liOSA UT. 

ST. OBOHSK's, BLACKBt'Sl 



IN FOUR VOLUMES. 



ikiuw or MuMuicnir— 



PRINTKD VOU PIUVaTE CIItCfLATION. 
1870. 




IV. FPISTLE-DEDtCATOBT. 

vide search and research in winnowing and sifting 
acres of commentary for handfuls, even solitary 
tars and grains; the re-tuming to, or over-turning 
nf, prcrious conclu.''ions, as patience of inlook 
yielded deeper insight ; the dcmanda oa long- 
suffering and calm, alertness and meditatireness 
conihin<'d, for dctision among bigh-named authori- 
ties ; the brain-power that assorts itself robustly 
an philosophienl and dealing with thought, not 
merely pliilological and a slave to the printed, 
ihat is (often) niis-piinteil woiJ ; and the fine 
enthusiasm that regards all drudgery of Lihour as 
so ninch play, in that it is for the honour of him 
who is not only the most manifold, the supreme 
mind of all litoralurc beneath the divine, but one 
free to be loved by the humblest, through the 
untMog ' ifetille ' of all his contenipornrics. For 
the iDKt and ideal of the Cambridge Shokespcaro 
and their splendid fullilmeat — for your patience 
and thoroughness of collation— for your ripeness 
and richness with brerity, of annotation — for your 





EPISTLE-DEDICATOHT. T. 

can't Bufficicntly thank you, I have wished to 
do it, however inodequutuly ; and fnpl glad, per- 
clianco proud, of the present opportuoity. A.!! 
tho more, thiit such opportunity comosthroughmy 
seeking to revira the great name of a masterful 
intcUeet by a worthy edition of his complete 
Works. 

I Bsk your gracioaa aceeptuuei- of tliis 
jpcbi ration : and so place the deep itnd wise 
hooks in your liunds, as in tho hands of ' ttaifed 
heads' and 'judgements', as nni;ient Autuub 
GoLDi.NO puts it : 

'* Whoso ilulh attempt the Aullior's worka to rt-aJ 
Must bring with liim a utajcd bond and juiigement to 

proceed; 
For H3 there bo most wliolcaomu hosts and prctepte to 

be Ajond, 
Soare ihcrc rock.i mid gbidlow nhiilve.^ to run tho ship 

nground." 

Your well-wishinp Uonoiiirr, 

ALKXAXDEK B. OKOSAllT. 



St. Cienr-e's, Ulaekbuni. L^u 
■Hh April, 1870. 



Contents, 



PAGE. 

I. Epistle-Dedicator^' iii — ▼. 

II. Prefatory Note ix — xviL 

III. Memorial-Introduction xix — xciv. 

IV. Appendix xcv — c. 

V. Poems of Monarchy 1 — 235. 

Xote 1. 

Advertisement 3 — 4. 

Station I . Of the Beginning of Monarchie . . 5 — 20. 

,, 2. Declination of Monarchy to Vio- 
lence 21—33. 

,, 3. Of weak-minded Tyrants 34 — 43. 

4. Cautions against these weak ex- 
tremities 44 — o6. 

„ o. Of strong Tyrants 58—74. 

.. 6. Of Church 75—91. 

,. 7. Of Laws 92—118. 

„ 8. Of Nobility 119—131. 

9. Of Commerce 132—153. 

., 10. Of Crown Revonue 154—167. 

„ 11. Of Peace 168—185. 

„ 12. Of War 186—205. 

,, 13. ITio Excellency of Monarchy com- 
pared with Aristocracy 206 — 216. 

,. 14. The Excellency of Monarchy com- 
pared 217—227. 

., 15. Tlie Excellency of Monarchy corn- 
pan^ with Aristocracy and 
Democracy joyntly 228 — 235. 

VI. A Treatise of ItiliLMmi 237—278. 



N 



|]rEfatort» floU. 



ORD BROOKIi publislKil nothing con 
sidurnblc himself. Tho " Purailiae ol" 
DiiliUy Devices" (1576) luid " PhiEHis 
>'iMt" (li93) nad " English Helicon " (1600) 
furvlib n few love ami elegitic verses — given 
ksioag Ub minor pieces— hut it is not known 
tliat thry npponrcd with his sanction ; and in- 
dm-d I am very sure that the Utile piuco in the 
"Dainty Devices" is not his. It is certain thut tho 
povm-play ' Mustjipbu ' of 1 609, was sunx'ptitioua. 
Tbas the Works throughout WE^re pusruuxocs : 
with thU TJtal differeneo, hovfever. between them 
■od onlimuy ' orphano books ' — as your old Kditors 
patfai.'licaUy deeiignatf " Bomaines " found in 
doalu — that all or nearly all were in- 
by himself to bo produced to tho vorld. 
liecD recently ascertained, in confirmation 
GUrrrat tradition and epistles -dedicatory. 
For among the liaWHT IISS., aold by Ucssis, 



X, PREFATOHI 50TE. 

Sotheby in 1844, wpre sis thin folios, wliich are 
describe"! on contjiining the whole of the Poetry 
ofthc folio of 1633 and of the "Remains" (1670) 
and not improbably the (so-called) Life of Sir 
Pffitir SiDSEi. This collection consisted — it 
would appear — of a fair transcript of the Works, 
earffullif riad and correeUd ly lh« Author. It was 
pui-chaaed, according to the marked Sale-catalogue 
in the British Museum, by Mr. Thomas Thorpe, 
Bookseller, for £11 Its; but I have fruitlessly 
Boii»ht in all likely directions to get at the present 
possessor. 1 should greatly have liked to collate 
the printed test \vith the prepared manuscript 
copy, albeit save for possible clearing np of oc- 
casional obscurities, the loss i« the less, in that the 
printed volumes seem to have been taken from 
these identical transcripts, or at least from outhori- 
tativo Manuscripts. In Mr. Corscr's " Anglo- 
Poctica" («. tt.) mention is made of a Manus- 
cript of the Poems of Monarchy in poscsssion of 
the Earl of Oxford. This earldom is now eslinct. 




PfiKFATOKT NOTE. XI. 

ated, only lessening italics and capitals occasionally, 
and making the strangely confused and confusing 
punctuation, as uniform as possible. I have 
chosen rather to err in excess of retention of 
italics where the Author designed thereby to 
emphazize a sentiment. AU names of God — noun 
and pronoun— and of personifications, have capitals. 
When an opinion or saying is put into the mouth 
of a given individual the usual quotation-marks '* 
" appear in the original. Rarely is the opinion 
or saying so enclosed a quotation : and to distin- 
guish therefix)m, I have adopte<l the single comma 
' '; Throughout I shun modernisation — such as 
Southey's here, whose abounding misprints are 
shewn in the foot-notes in their places — of orthog- 
raphy and structure of phrase, as rendering a book 
valueless to the student of our early Literature 
and Language, and as spoiling it — much as your 
shallow Restorers do in laying unhallowed hands 
on our historic cathedrals and monuments, leaving 
them raw and a-cold. 

In no fewer tlian three cases, viz., in 'MrsTAPUA* 
and * Life of Sidney ' and * Letter to Varxey * or 
Yemey, I have had the advantage of coHations of 
contemporary ^ISS. The most cursory examina- 
tion will shew that the MS of the Life of Sidney 
is of the rarest interest and value. I hesitate not 



111. PKEFiTOHr -VOTE. 

to say that until now this remarkable nicmoriul of 
two remarkable men never has been fairly put 
before the world. Omissions of eonsiderable extent 
and of special significance are for the first time 
insei-ted, blunders in misreailing of the moat 
flagrant kiod arc for the first time corrected, 
while there are many new and noticeable various 
readings and supplementary notes. For the col- 
lation of this invaluable MS 1 am indebted— a« 
for unfailing help and sympathy otherwise all 
along — to my friend Mr. W. Aldis Wright, H.A., 
Cambridge. 

In all the copies of the folio of 1633 that have 
come down to us, there is a blank of pp 3 — 22 — 
allowing for the titlc-pagc. It baa been usiiiil to 
blame ARCnsisnop L*rD for the suppression in 
these pages, of the " Treatise of Ucligion", sub- 
sequently given in the " Remains". So M.ilo.vk, 
in his History of the Stage, and D'Isracli in his 
" Curiosities of Literature", and llr, Corskii, as 
before, and Mr. U^zurr in his Iland-Bock. T.Ari. 




rREFATORY NOTE. XIU. 

ft.) is correct, viz., that there was * prefatory 
matter* containing a Life of the Author, **with 
fuller details of his murder than his friends cared 
to let the world read.'* In an Appendix [A] to our 
Memorial- Introduction, the passage will be found 
in exUnso. Certainly the " Treatise of Keligion '* 
would not have filled the cancelled pages : and 
besides would scarcely have been in proper place 
in relation to those that follow from page 23 on- 
ward. 

The so-called ** Five Years of King James I ", 
(1643) assigned to Loud Brooke and a Tragedy 
entitled ** M. T. Cicero ",^ ascribed to him by 
pHiLLLPsin Theatritm Poetarum, and by AVinstanley 
in his ** Lives of the English Poets ", are admit- 



^ The title-page ia as follows: — 

The Tragedy of 
That Famous Roman 
Oratovr 
Marcus Tullius 
Cicero. 
London, 
Printed by Richard Coten^ for John Sweeting 
at the Angell in Pope*8-hcad Alley, 

1G51. 
Mr. Wright, of Cambridge, ^suggests Dr. Samuel Brooke 
as the author, as above. 



XIV. PEEFAIOHT NOTE, 

tedly unauthtntic — not being named in the Lifk 
of SiSKEV in our Worthy's account of his own 
"Writings. The Tragedy more probably belongs to 
Dr. Samuel Brooke, author of Moknthe and 
other comedica. Both are necessarily excluded 
by us. The " Five Years " condemns itself as im- 
possible to have come from Lord Beooee. An 
anonymous Manuscript of it is preserved at Cam- 
bridge. 

As hitherto, I annotate thoughts and ivords and 
allusions, where further light is needed : and at 
the close I furnish full indices, gIoss:iry &c. Any 
other explanations needed, may be nought for in 
JTotes and foot-nolcs. 

The Memorial- Introduction will be found very 
much fuller and more definite than any previous 
ono. I have been enabled to verify and elucidate 
unverified facta and dates, and above all, have re- 
covered previously unpublished Letters of special 
interest and value, as well as utilized others 
Mattered in various little known books. The 




PREFATORY NOTE. XV. 

Tindication of one of ** the greatest, wisest " and 
tk>^ *' meanest of mankind," that is certain; and 
toward which every lover of his country owes 
whatever he can furnish. The long Letter — 
almost a State-Paper — on the Palatinate, also, is of 
rare historical worth. I congratulate myself on 
its discovery and recovery from the chaos of the 
Tanner MSS. But after all my labour in bring- 
ing available materials together, I have to regret 
that I could not do a great deal more. I most 
earnestly hope that in these days of bringing to 
the light of day the treasures of Family-papers, 
present inheritors of the name of Brooke will see 
it to be their duty and privilege to help forward 
an adequate Life. Bicuard Savage roughly sang of 

** The tenth transmitter of ^foolish face ". 

Methinks it is sadder to find a ' noble ' face trans- 
mitted indeed, but degenerated into the mere titu- 
lar noble : and especially as looking at grand old 
portraits over-against modem, the blood-descent is 
plainly declared. In the present case, the 
descendants and representatives of Lord Brooke 
have had more than his * blue blood *. Earlier, 
there was his immediate heir in Robert, Lord 
Brooke — honoured of John Miltox and author of 
that pure and beautiful book of** The Nature of 



Truth ",(1641) nnii more recently Fl- lkf, Gkfville 
Esq., author of " Maxims and Characteristics " 
(1757 : 1768:). While in our own day thuro aro 
living Bbookes having brain-power and faculties 
worthy of their hereditary renown. I trust some 
one of the family will recognize ri'sponsibility and 

Prefixed to our second volume is an Essiiy, 
crilical and csplanatory, which has cost me a 
good deal of study : and 1 venture to anticipate 
will prove acceptable and usefiil. 

I have the pleasure to thank many Com-spon- 
dcnts for continued assistance rendered in the 
progress of my Worthies. In the preseut ease 
I have already named W, Aldis Wright, Ksi|. 
M.A., Trinity College, Cambridge. 1 add other 
four, spontaneously obliging and helpful — 
Rev Dr. Hannah, Trinity College, Glenalmond, 
N.B., and C. T. Ramagc., Ksq., LL.D. 
Wallace HaU, ThomhiU, N.I)., and Rev. Dr. 
Waddington, and Dr. Itimbault, London. I have 




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XX. MEltOBIAL-IXTfiODCCTlOX. 

SO— I agree with " Arcotlia " in the often-quoted 
Bentimcnt : " I nm nochonildo to inquire of men's 
pedigrees : it sufficcthc me if I knowe their ver- 
tuGH " ; and 80 I envy not the Antiquary -proper, 
though I value, his laborious discoveries and 
recoveries and readings in ' auncient ' deeds and 
parchments. Of our Brookb it holds preeminently 
what Pawsos wrote to young Jobs Hill, 

" I^u need'it no noir-lttK monumfalt' diipiay 
Or ear-tTopp'd imaga : lea,vc that by-wny 
To thoeo who are conteotod to be known 
By tbcir fororathcrs' virtues, not their own."' 

T notice his descent, accordingly, with all possible 
brevity. That descent is from the renowned and 
noble Houses of the BRAucuturs of Powick (or 
Powyke), and the Willouuhbys he liuoKt: or 
Bbook. Camdex' traces the title to ' Brook- 
house ' the family-seat situate upon the Avon, in 
Waiwitkshirc — Shakespeare's Avon — and which 
' House ' derived its name from a riTulet or 




If EMOSl kL-nrZlL'l-Z'ZCZZ IT. 

TViLLoroHBT of that Tiin:IlT. ^l^r H-eriry \ liti 
advanced him to the honour : It Tli: 1 V^-y tii« 
WiUoaghby was al*o made StcTari c^ iLr H:-^?e- 
hold-royal, and High A-lmiral of R- r h^ri 

This pardenlar famHy of W ill >:izti* y 5»>:<c -irf*! 
out of male rtpresoitatives in dir^?t Hzie. • Bint " 
Willoughby left hot one soc, E:ai3T. L:-l> 
BitooJL, or Bkooez. He E-irrir*! ir. t-ir^ Eiix*- 
BETH« danghter and oj-Leir of R::hj.ii Bttr- 
cHJkMP, Lord BtArcH^Mr of Ai/itrir^ iz.-! P.'^t^ki, 
and had a son : but ht* 'ii*-! in Li* iiti_*^r • lifr- 
time. Besides thi-* preaLit:ire:y-i^: :^?r: i *--^l, 
thvre was a diuzhter, like her 3L:<irr. ^.i^". ri 
ELiikBETH- She mirriel S:t Fnii '>i£T::iE. 
or Gketille — also of AL»-E*7£t.- TLi* w«* tLe 



I>jnl Bnjoke" wrr:t«-a :r- 1^44. k2-i ■- >j»-^.-— -,- -^ ilfczi 
Bnrjk*- we kive it ^^11 x* {,-.'. t. : - Ir. :-.- -^tt A H-c_rT 
VIII., I w-ai of Sir BiwATi Or -_ cf iiilj.*^ »i. L*.l 
the wardersLipof EHiz-iVtl, .^^ :f 'ii.-. ii.^-it-?> f ti* 
L*>rd Brooke** t-jii. TL* kri.-^i —_ii-: %. n.'.'u.'LV- lij 
wanL to be inarriM to J.Lr_ Li- -Iri < •..- . i-.-: •i.*: 
rtfuscd. sayiiw: that -he -iii I^k- ''•-ttrr .f P ■-.i-r. LI- «»-- o* 
^*>n- He to!d htr tLut h^ L^ i i>^ '.-*-tt' .^ ,\zJl v. rutljL- 
tain her : that he wai* in tL»: kis.r's -r?: >•. .:' -wtrr-r > v .oi 
the fteas. and ther&£>r^ Lis ret am ws.* t-:-- i.-i'.'f:J- "ii* 



Xxii. MEMOBIAl-rsTEODrCTION. 

grandfather of our Worthy— and as lie lived until 
1S&9 it is pleasant to know that his little grand- 
son mast hare climbed his knees and crumpled 
his ruffs, with sweet ehildly kisses and broken 
Tords. 

This marriage brought to Sib Fclke— besides 
the other broad family-lands — BEACCHAMP-CoraT 
of the BRArcHAHFs. Their issue were two sons, 
named Fulee and Robebt respectively. Folkg 
was knighted " in the suTcnth year of Queen 
Elizabeth," [Id6d] and was "a man no less 
esteemed for the sweetness of his temper than the 
dignity of his station.'" He died in 1606. He 
hod married Asif Xevitb, daughter of Ralpr 
Mevile, Eael op WtsTMOKKt-iND. Our Fulke 
■was their only son : and he was bom at Beau- 
champ-Court — the family-seat — in 1554. There 
was also a daughter Mabgabet, subsequently 



repliod, and said, that shce had sn eaUto Bufficicat both 




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XSIV. XEXOBIAL-IHTBnDCCTIGN. 

motbor of our Sib Fl'leb, Lord Bbookf:.' lilood, 
Mpeciftlly perhaps ' blue blood ' as distinguisheil 
from the common ichor, i* thicker than water ; 
and here probably was the first tie between, the 
brother-Iiko friends.' 

The birth-year— 1554— of our Worthy— re- 
turning upon the fine Fullerian word — murks a 
memorable epoch for Literature and for the World- 
Spenseb bora in 1553, vra» then " pukicg in the 
nurse's arms" : Ealeioh, bom in 1552, bcftinning 
to toddle alone; DaAKEbom in 1545, driiiming 
early dreamis of far-away Voyages and Adventures. 
SiDNErbelongs to the same year; seven years later, 



' Seo all tbo Lives of Sir Philip Sidney. Within a 
Cow years there haro liccn thre.a very valviatilo Lives, 
Lloyd, (1862); Bourne. (1861) and one tasteful ajid 
original — though octasiuuBllj- mistaken, from Amurica: 
(Bcntun. 1859). 

' In TjriDging these family-names to^jelher, boaides 
already ipven authuritiea, 1 luivi; liceu imielrted to SiK 





MBUORIAL-IKTRODTtCTlOIf. XXV. 

cantu Kocon, ten ycnTB, Shakespeare nnd M*h- 
Lo\ve, and every year for half-a-century onward, 
saw another and im other " heir ol' Fumo" given 
to the England of tho TcnoHs. It ia something 
that our Brooke, independent of exlrinsie lunkand 
cirtu instance, holds his own among contemjio ru- 
nes BO great. With all named, he had leas or 
more connection — iis will appear in the sequel. 

Bom in liVarwickshire — the county of Shakk- 
sPEAUi; and DaATToif, enough glory for a nation, 
much more for a small bit of a small island — 
Master Fulkc was sent to the school at SHaKW-i- 
DfBT, foumled only the year prrceding his birth, 
by Edward Vlth. who bad died in the anna of 
Hm Hksbt SmsET tho same year.' This was in 
Kovember, 1564, or in his tenth year : and on tho 
same day, at tho same age, Master Phzlip Sidney 
was abw entered— Sidney's name heing first and 
Fulke's imniediatcly following. For the first 
time — aa somehow previous Biographers have 
contented themselves with simply accepting tho 
proud tradition — 1 give the reoonl of Master 
Fulie'B admission, which ia still extant in tho 
handwriting of " Mr. Ashton", of whom 8ir 



' See Mr. Howanl Staunt«n*« excellent " Orent Srhools 
o( Eoglaiiil," i.n. 



XXVI. MEHOBIAL-INTRODCCnOir. 

Hehbt SiDtiEY -writes laudfltively to hie "little 
Philippe." It is aa followB : " Foulkus Grpt'll 
filius et hcrcs Foulki Gryvell ormiguri de Bcnu- 
champe Courte in Comitatu Yanici, iri., Cal. 
Not.",' Six months only before this, at not very- 
distant Stratford-on-Avon, one "WiixiiM Shake- 
SPEABB was bom. 

The Bcgisters have Dothing further of the pro- 
gress of the lads, or of either. But they probably 
continued for four years at Shrowsbury School. 
In 1566 SiDNET certainly was still in attendance 
at Shrewsbury : for in that year his father, Sir 
Hesst Sldket, addressed him a very noticeable, 
a Burpossiogly beautiful letter, with a gold-pre- 
cious ' poet-script ' by his mother, " Marie Sid- 
ney."* I like to picture the two boy-friends 
bending over this letter, and touched into gravity, 

' I am iadobted to Dr. Moaa, the prescat llend-Uaiter, 
for this Katisfactory oatry: btcd the accnrato Hunter in 
fais " New lUiutratioiu of Shaliespe&ro " (Vul. I., p. 1S2), 




MEMORIAL-nrraODUCTIOy. xxvu. 

even solemnity, with counsels sncb as these — still 
to be read : ** Let your first actyon be the lyfting 
up of your mynd to Almighty God by harty 
prayer; and felingly dysgest the woords yow 
speake in prayer, with contynual meditation and 
thinkinge of Him to whom you praye, and of the 
matter for which yow praye "; and thereafter, 
that he is to be studious, that he is to be '* cour- 
teese '*, ** affable to all men ", temperate and 
*' cleanly, as well in all parts of yowr bodye as in 
yowr garments", "merye, but ever void of all 
sc'irilitee, and biteing woords to any man", 
" rather a herer and bearer away of other men's 
talke, then a begyner or procurer of speechc ", 
and "above aU things, tell no untruthe, no, not 
in trifels ": the close being *' Yowr lovinge father, 
so long as you live in the feare of God '*.' That 
Master Greville was along with Master Sidney 
seems clear from the ** Life " of Sidney, wherein 
his friend in loving and half-idolizing reminiscence, 
observes, " with whom I shall euer account it 
honour to have been hroitght up 'V ^^^ more defin- 
itely, ** Of whose youth I will report no other 
wonder but this : that though / lived with him and 
hMw him from a child, yet I never knew him 
other than a man."^ 

» Jbid. ' Page 2 (1662 edition.) » Ibid pp. 6—7. 



XXYUl. MEMOKlAt-lNTRODOCTlOS. 

There is obscurity of an inexplicable kind over 
the University career of the two cousins and 
associates. Sibhet proceedeil to Christ- Church, 
Oiford, arid Fplke Gbetillk to Cambridge, where 
he enteTC*! as a fellow-commoner of Jcsita College, 
and matriculated on May 20th, 1568, This is 
from the Matriculation-Book in the Registry.' 
(lonfirmutory of it ia another entry in the 
Andit-Book of Jesus College, which records 
the admiRsJons of students, during the rc-ign of 
Quefii Elizabeth. Under the year 1568, in a 
recitation of the fees received on the occasion, and 
distingniahing the rank and order of the student 
into which he was admitted, is the following: 

Imprimis .... Mr. Lcgge pro introitu Mfi 

Randolphi XX. 

[Twelve names intervene.] 

Item do M" Grevell XX.' 

The documents of the Period at Cambridge, 
as at Oxford, are somewhat fragmentary and ir- 
regular : but these entries warrant us in 
vitlidrawing from renowned "Trinity" and 
trunsferring to Jesus College, the illustrious nnmo 

' From Mr, W. A. Wright, h bolbro. 

* From Dr. Cotrio, Uutn of Jmu« College. 



MEMORIAL-lNTRODrcnOIT. XXIX. 

of LoBD Brooke. All the authorities, including 
Fuller in his ** Worthies ", and the (old) ** Bio- 
graphia Brittannica ", as well as Edmundson*8 
Gi-evilles and the Uke, have given " Trinity " as 
his College : but there is nothing in its Registers 
or other books to support this. His arms it is 
true, are in the eastern oriel of ** Trinity " Hall, 
with the inscription ** Fulco Grevill M " : [= 
Miles, probably] : but this is no conclusive evi- 
dence that he ever was a Trinity man. For the 
arms of Bancroft, Archbishop of Canterbury, are 
in the same window, though he was of Christ's.^ 
The explanation of the arms being there, may be, 
that our Greville contributed in some way to the 
building of the Hall, which was erected in 
Nevile's time. The mother of our Fclke Gre- 
ville, as has been seen, was a Neville. The 
only other memorial of connexion of Lord Brooke- 
with Trinity is under date 27th April, 1615, in 
the register, as follows : "A lease of the great 
tithes of Monk's Kirby, Brockhurst and Copston, 
was granted by the Master, Fellows and Scholars 
of Trinity College, Cambridge, to Sir Fulk Gre- 
ville, with the small tithes of Monk's Kirby and 
K^cwbolt, and also all those tithes of Come and 



» Mr. W. A. Wright, as before. 



XXX. UEUOBIAL-INTRODCCTION. 

graine of Cosscfonl, together with all the tithes 
of the pastures of Cestcrwoner, with also twoo 
yardes of landc ".' 

I hazard a conjcctarc as to the origin of the 
"Trinity "tradition., viz, that as " Marcus Tullius 
Cicero", a Poem-Play, has been mis-assigned to 
our Brooke in Thwitram PoHarum and 'Winstau- 
ley, whereas it more probably belongs to Samdel 
SapOKE, author of " Mclanthe " and "Scyros", 
and that tender little lilt "of Tears" — too long 
given to Budiahd — so, as he wiis of " Trinity " 
this Bbooke may have been mistaken for our' s. 
It was not until 1620 that Sir Fclee was created 
LoBD BuooEE. Samuel Bbooke's " TiTelantho " 
was acted before King James 1st., in 1614.' 

Be all this as it may " Jesus ", not "Trinity", 
must be regarded as Lord Brooke's College — 
name worthy tu be placed besides Jesus's other 
lustMUs son, Ca.iNiiEB. EnterctHn 1508, young 
Grovillo— in his 14th year then — in all likli- 




lio*jd contiiiued the U5iuJ tcmis <£ aS^eswiiZ^yt i 
:ilthoogh there is nnct-rtainty, thrc«* tbt i:»!*t3»r< 
of record. Oar Worthy's only < :qtAla rc^tskn t:- 
Oxford — as dL>tiiis:iiished fnrm C43=:briij 
that in the Armada Tear '15^9^ be ^ 
creat«^ *• Master of Arts ".* Woo© diims He 
us a *' Gentleman Commoner ^ of Oxibtd : \kX 
c-oncedes that he more propeiiy bdooss to Cam- 
bridjre.* 

But while hi^ College course is somewbal ob- 
scun» — and so mast be left meantime — his inter- 
est in the UnivtT$itT of Cimbridse was continued 
unto maturity : for in the " Annals of Cambridge " 
we n-ad: **The proceedings, with a riew to the 
drainage of the fens, caused the TTniTenitT re- 
newed anxiety respecting the prevention of ih- 
navigation of the river Cam. Mr. Secutaxt 
NvrxT05 and Sir Fclke Gkeville, Chanwi-Uor 
of the Exchequer, received the thanks of the 
University for their advocacy of its interests, in 
op|>osition to those who projected the drainage, 
and who were termed Undertakers. '"^ The two 



* Athene OxonicnBes, «.m. 

' Ibid : Is the explanation, that Sidnoy and Grorillf: 
visited **ach other and heard Lectures at both UniTci>i- 
ties, as waH not uncommon ? 

5 By Cooper, III. 131. 



XX XU. NEMORt&L-lNTUODUCnoX. 

Letters written by Gkoroe Ukbbekt — clarum ft 
veneraiile nomen — convi'ying these thanks, are 
preserved among his " Remains ".' 

Closing his attendance at the Univfinrity, like 
other ' ingenuous vouth ' of the period, he planned 
adventures in the West Indies and A.merica, along 
with SiDBET and Dbake, tliiit, if carried out, might 
have changed the whole course of Events in 
Europe and Americji, in so far as these lie without 
the universal controlling Will, and within man's 
freedom to achieve or abandon. It had saved Eng- 
land tliut tragic death of Zutphen: and probably, 
inSiDNKYondGttEviLLE, given namt-s of Discoverers 
and ' Planters ' of Colonies, to be placed besides 
those of Ualgiou and Dhake, and for Poscb de 
Lkos in the mulberry groves of Flobiua and Db 
Soto invading the primeval solitudes of the Oogb- 
CDRE and the Altahau*, the Alab.iua and the 
MissisgiFFi, we had read of the explorations and 
trophies of our Englishmen, and the Boso being 
plant«d instead of the Lilies of France. ' The 




XK]fOKLI.L-ISTC!0I»rCTK«jr. XXXm. 

Spaniard ' and the ^ Portugal ' bad al«)0 beies earlkr 
driven out- The Reader of the Lives of Si2»3C£t, 
and the *■ life ' by Lokb Bbooee, irOl turn lo the 
Tivid and sturing pages that UH of how JLl^ellam 
and Fbobisher, and the grand old folios of Hxeixtt 
— the first ** jnst oot,'^ and dedicated to Sii*3fiT — 
fired the jonng imaginations of the tvo frkads: 
and how all was mamEd by the direiet persooal 
* commands ' of the great and gready-exacUng 
Queen — Elizabeth, who would •»/ have her 
truest * Xobles ' leave her Person and Court. In 
retrospect, it was well : for they too might have 
gone down in the '* Squirrel," with brave Sim 
HcirPH&ET GiLBEBx: and so we thank Lisgcit 
for his dissuasion. We have four roval * inter- 
ruptions ' of intended * Travell ' and ^rterpoxe, 
quaintly narrated in the * Life ' of Sii»5XT : and 
they must have place here : 

** When my youth, with favour of Court 
in seme moderate proportion to my birth and 
brec^ding in the activenesse of that time, gave mee 
opportunity of mo§t bu^inesae : then did my yet 
undiscouraged genius most affect to finde, or 
make work for it self. And out of that freedom, 
having many times offered my fortune to the 
course of forraigne emplojrments, as the proper- 
est forges to fashion a subject for the reall services 



XXXIT. HEMOEIAL-lKrEODUCriOIf. 

of his SoTcratgnc ; I found the rctumos of those 
mis-ploccd endeavours to prove, both a vaine 
<:harge to ray aelfe, and an offensive undertaking 
to that excellent Oovoracsse over all her sub- 
jects duties and affections. 

For instance, hov mild soover those mixtures 
of favours and corrections were in that princely 
Lady : yet to sheiv that they fell heavy in 
crossing a young man's ends ; I will onuly choose, 
and alleago fooro out of many, some with leave, 
some without. 

First, when those two mighty Armies of Don 
lohn and the Duke Cosimires, were to meet in 
the Low Countries; my horses, with all other 
preparations being shipped at Dover, with leave 
under her bill assigned : even then was I stayed 
by a princely ^ndutc, the messenger Sir Edward 
Dicr. "Wherein whatsoever I felt, yet I appealo 
to the judicious Reader, whether tliere bo any 
latitude left (more then humble obedience) in 
these nice cases between duty and selfcnesse, in a 




x£xo2iAi.-mxDi«rmQs:. xxxt. 

stt^ales irbere- it camiK*! trait pex^vnoe mt^ liuc 
whosotTci' vonH T-entnre to p> 'iriiiiOTrr msev^ 
was sure never to be ttJUfL Upon wiiidL ii^at 
axiome (tmstiBg the rest to c^xsaoe I irenl ot^bt 
whh Mr. Secretarr, TrntaowTi : BtsX Mt nrr rE^ 
tume was fc^idd^s bfa- "pstseaot ikr iubiit 
moneths. 

AgaiDe, when mr Lcfid of LdoesSxr itbe sent 
Gt^nerall of Her liajestk-'s Foircies iirt^ lifef- Lcrw 
Conntricrs, and bad giTen me 1ht Doamzuaid «f 
an bandred h<Hse ; thczi I prin*: mr LioDarE c^rer 
to good order, 3ret foizod. tbit ncilber tbe eeuiXsA 
istercessioii <^ this gnmdee, seoaDdfd widi tut 
own bumble sute, and Tnairr otber baxKnmlik; 
frioids of mine, conld prcTaiie ^r^rn^ tiie fxm- 
slant conrse of this exc^eHoit Ludr mliL bcr 
Berrants. So as I was farotd tc» tanr btbind : 
and for this import liuiu of unixt to tiisur*: mr 
course, and seeme to preferre trj i}njtg bedurt 
my service about ber : tbis Tjinotast erf ^jv^rn- 
ment, as well of government as of ITrnffdamefc, 
made me live in ber Coiirt a Fpt/dLttCji: erf dis- 
favour, too long as I ooneieivtid- 

Lastly, tbe oniversall £sme erf a bsttik: to hoe 
fongbt, between tbe prime forcses of Hout tbe 
tbird, and tbe religions of Htniy tbe f c^urtb. ibsi 
king of Xavarre ; lifting me yet oDoe mart abwe 



ran. MRMOniAL-iNTBorn'CTioN. 

tliia humble earth of duty, mikdc mo reaolTG to see 
the difference between Kings present and absent 
in their martiLLl Expeditions. So that without 
QCquuinting any creature, the Earlo of Essex 
excepted, I shipped my selfe over : and at my 
rcturae, was kept from her presence full six 
moneths, and thtn received after a etrangu 
manner. For this absolute Princesae to sever ill 
examples from grace, averrs my going over to bco 
a secret imploymeut of her's : and all these other 
petty exiles, a making good of that cloud or 
figure, which she was pleased to cast over my 
absence. Proteeting me to the world with the 
honour of her imploymciit, rather then she would, 
for example's sake, be forced eitliur to pnaish mee 
further, or too easily forgive a contempt or neg- 
lect, in a Servant so near about hor, as she was 
pleased to conceive it. , 

By wlileh many warnings, I finding the spe- ' 
cioiis fires of youth to prove far more scorching 
then glorious, tailed my second thoughts to coun- 
sell, and in that map elearly discerning Action 
and Itouor, to fly with moro winga then one : 
and that it vna sufGcient for the plant to grow 
where bis Soveraigno's band had placi>d it; 1 
found reason to contract my thougbta from Iheis 
Lirger, but waiidriug borinons, of thu world 



VEMORIAL-DPTEODrcnOir. ZXXVIU 

abroad, and to bound my prospects within the 
safe limits of duty, in such home services, as were 
acceptable to my Soveraigne."* 

Thus ultimately retired * at home * our Worthy 
nevertheless found occasion for seeing the World, 
as the preceding quotations incidentally shew, 
albeit Her Majesty ' frowned '. In the same 
' Lives ' and * Life ' various additional glimpses are 
obtained of his presence at * foreign Courts '* and 
in interviews with kings and princes such as Wil- 
IJAM OF Nassau — whose mighty story has been im- 
mortalized in our own day by Motley, with praise 
and quotations firom our Worthy — and evidences of 
expertnesS * in the tongues ' acquired in the 
several Countries. It is sorrowful to think that 
Correspondence reflecting the lights and shadows 
of his •* joumeyings oft " should be allowed to lie 
un-read, un-used, un- valued in hereditary Charter- 
Chests. 

From his family-connections young Fcxke rose 
speedily to eminence, and in every case the statue 

1 P p 167—171 (1652 edn.) : but I have given the text 
18 formed from the MS. in Trinity College, Cambridge : 
on which see Introduction and note to the Prose Works 
in our Volume IVth. 

' See particidarly the full and careful portrait of Wil- 
liam, Prince of Orange . Ibid pp 22^23. 



■INTEODCCTIOK. 

waa un-dwatfed by the pedestal, the man invari- 
ably proving equal to und greater than, his 
offices. Introduced to the Court of Elizabeth by 
his uncle — Robert Gkeville — ' her eagle eye 
marked him for her own immediate service, 
and to the end ho was faithful. Hero it is 
surely to ho recognized that the supremo homage, 
the lavish reverence, the proud allegiance, tho 
burning words of mourning, the life-long cherished 
memory of the foremost, toward Elizabeth, cal- 
eino recent charges and denunciations of tho 
great Queen. The Elizibkth of Fhoude's 
* History ' could never have so ruled over such 
kingly intellects and gallant lives. 

For his ' civil ' and more private employment 
he was primarily indebtcil to Sir Hesht Sidset, 
father of Sir I'hilip, already named,' and himself 
Lord Prosidcut of Wales. Tho office engaged 
him within tho ' Principality of Wales ', in 
association with Edudnd Moltketx. This was 
in 1376, or his twenty-second year. Ho held 




KEKOSIAL-INTBODUCTION. XXXIX. 

Marches of Wales — an institution that seems to 
have sprung from the former appointment, — he 
resigned the associate-place. The "Biographia 
Britannica" gives a letter of Walsixgham, in 
favor of Greville, his cousin. This was on 
certain disputes that had arisen '' concerning 
the profits'* of the office.^ Sir Philip Sidxey 
likewise interposed, and the thing ended satis- 
factorily in 1581. As * Clerk of the Signet to 
the Council in Wales * — such seems to have heen 
the technical designation — he drew ahove £2,000 
annually, equal to £10,000 now, or more.' He 
had sufficient to do with every * hroad piece ' he 
could command. For about this period, when 
ambassadors and gi*eat numbers of the nobility of 



* P p 2394 et »eqq. 

* Lord Brooke's offices in Wales are so variously named 
that it is not easy to thread one's way through the 
different accounts. Dugdale ('* Warwickshire '* Vol. 11. 
767) states that he was constituted Secretary for the 
Principality of South and North Wales, by letters-patent, 
bearing date 20th April, in the 25th of Elizabeth, or 
1683 : and that the said office was granted to him for life, 
the 24th of July, 1 James 1st., or 1603—4. But Sidney's 
Ittter shews a prior appointment in Wales, viz., in 1576 — 
1577. In the Biographia Britannica: p 2394, noteE, are 
interesting details from the Bootho MSS. 



Xl. jraaoRIAL-rNTRODTrCTIOS. 

France came over from Ouecn Catharine dc'lfedieis 
concemtug the marriage of Elizibeth with the 
SvsB OF Anjou, part of their magnificent cntar- 
tainmcnt — and entertoioment and ' fair woHa ' 
were all they got — consisted of " martial exercises 
of tilts and tournaments ", whereof the providers 
of the " costly undertakings ", were Philip, Earl 
of Arundel, Frederick, Lord Windsor, Philip 
Sidney and Fulkr Gbeville, who were " challen- 
gers of all comers." He won special name as a 
' valiant knight." Motlft haa limned the 'Dis- 
play' vividly. Speaking of Sir Pnrup Sidney 
he says, " a vision of him in blue gilded armour — 
with horses caparisoned in cloth of gold, pcarl- 
erabroiUered, attended by pages in cloth of silver, 
Venetian horse, laced hats, and by gentlemen, 
yeomen, and trumpeters, in yellow velvet cassocks, 
buskins and feathers — as one of "the four fostered 
children of virtuous Desire" (to wit, Anjou) 
storming " the castle of perfect Beauty", rises 
out of the cloud-dusta of ancient chronicle for a 




MEMORIAL-INTRODCCTION. xli. 

Both by the judgement of our English oyt*s. 
And of some sent by that sweet en'my, France": 

as he chivalrously sings ".* 

Subsequently, in 1583 — there was a still wider 
appointment — wider in authority and dignity, and 
still more lucrative, \iz., Secretary for the entire 
Principality of North and South Wales. To this 
he was ' constituted ' by letters patent, bearing 
date, the 20th of April, in the 25th of Elizabeth 
(or as before 1583) : and the same office was 
confirmed to him for life on the 24th July, of 
Ist James Ist. (or 1603). He was now in good 
position, and in the highest favour at Court. But 
that he had his own share of the already revealed 
capriciousness of Royalty, and even pecuniary 
struggles, is unquestionable. The following 
never-before-publishcd Letter to— it is believe<l 
— Walsingham, is without date, but gives us in- 
sight into his personal difficulties under Elizabeth : 

** Sir, I languishe and beseache your honor, 
to take a tyme to moue the Queene, that you may 
hear & I see the worst of my selfo ; thys poor 



» History of the United Netherlands, Vol. I. (1860) p 
361. I give the quotation correctly : Mr. MotU^y^s, Hhoit 
though it be, unfortunately is grosiily inaccurate. 

2 Dugdale's Warwickshire, as before : Vol. II. 707. 
c 



Xlii. UEMOKIAL-INTBODUCTION. 



arrierogeofPenkritchc, and 200" [«r] pension dur- 
ing plcasur, or my thinks no suchc lyberalytya, as 
sbould aake an eschaunge of poore HorniDglov 
wood, she gave me bcforo ; for she may cot it of, 
the first quarter, for any assurance wee may haue 
of thes nether heavens ; my humble dcsyer is that 
it would please your honor to open my estate 
mto her. In suche maoer as she may know I am 
poore, & yeat tfaankfuU, yf she haue compassion. 
I caiiot be less wotthe in her eya, then this I ask 
her, yf not yeat I haue honest lyberty to goe 
when I am resolued whether, I shall thinke my- 
selfc muche bound to you, and hope she will not 
be offended w"" your honor for showing bo muche 
loue to mc ; from my lodge this wensday 

Your honour's at coBiandemcnt 
ffonlk greoill' 

Our last dat« was 1583. It reminds us that in 
that year Sib Phili? Sidney married the only 
daughter of Sib Fbamcis W^LsrsoHAs*, of whose 




XEXOKiAL-crrKODUcnoT. xliii. 

At present we are withoat tlie key to read it ; 
but the series of passkmate Sonnets called 
'' Cslica ", fold within than a hitherto un- 
suspected 6r at least nn^notieed world of remance 
in his life. Setting aside the ^monmefiill 
song ' of the " Paradyse of Daynty Denices ", 
as in all probability not by him — the most 
hnrried perusal of " Cselica " satisfies, that 
the homage, if not worship, is too absolute, the 
passion too intense, the emotion too keen, the 
utterance too foreefol, the recurrence and iteration 
too sustained, and the * fancies ' too tenderly 
quaint and dainty, to have sprung out of an *■ airy 
nothing '. Only a heart fired electrically with 
a real flesh-and-blood passion could so pxdsate ; 
only lips that had snatched burning kisses bum- 
ingly, and afterwards found the fires pale into 
dust of ashes, could so 'babble' and wail alter- 
nately. The pity is, that in the absence of 
documents it were idle to conjecture who 'Cselica* 
or * Myra ' or • Cynthia ' or ' Myraphill * — these 
names alternating — was, and what was the basis of 
the many radiant and yet deep-shadowed, joyous 
and also sad, words of these extraordinary Son- 
nets, wherein — as shewn in our Essay on the 
Poetry — he is inspired beyond his ordinary over- 
laden, not to say, cumbrous versification, and 



XtlT. MEUOBIAL-INTBODUCTION. 

becomes natural and musical as any nightingale 

in its pathetic * pul-gul '. These ore plainly auto- 
biographic, aa well as truly pathetic love-vcrees: 

" I, with whoso colors Myra drost her huad, 
I, thi»t waro poflios of her owne imnd-roaking, 
I, that mine owne nomo in the chinmies read, 
By Myra lincly wrought ore J was waking : 
Must I looke on — in hope time comming may 
With change bring backe my tumu againe to pUy 7 

1 that on Sunday at tho Uhurcb-stile found 
A garland aweet, with tme-loue knots in flowers 
Which I to wcaro uhout mine aime was hound. 
That each of ts might know that all wan ours : 
Uiut I now lead an idle lifa in wishos F 
And follow Cupid for his loaues and fishea ? 

I, that did wears the ring her mother left, 
I, for whoso lauo she gluriod to bo blamed, 
J, with whose eyes her eyes committed theft, 
I, who did make her bluiih when I was named ; 
Uuat I lose ring, Bowers, hlush, tbeft, and go naked, 
Vutching with sigha, lilt dtad lout be aicaki:d f 




MnK»XlAl-I5TrjX*TrZIDIL 



Was h fcr this liaC I nacis If r=* «« 
Wmdhinc: tht viSer vixi. iier '» Bin n -v^nsf^ - 
Yet vtmld Ae iieMr -wraie iar ^yri u. ik . 
Thinks 'vit of ciksa^ -vifk 'aiiia£3x& tst ic aehric 
HaJ cilia nnue skieij l:<Bfi. a» tXtty mmy jsmMkt 
No nun eui pcm a is : Hns jsmr d*gynii* "^ 

Again: 

** Cat-Hca. "rtea I -mT* frnft J^mr le-csaiK ikvodL. 
At fiist ^ool'wiH VocJi aac^nr'c xzic T»TmH-c 
Lc^ae, Faxtii. asi Xalsrv itih roECzmixz: h -wvuui. 
HoDovr itcelle to kmd»&9K t-«i ind^'d . 



Your Toves ob? vbt vi^ i uuz ii«srs did .?^n;. 
Selfe-pittie t^en in Tt« did jdtXK Be : 
Yea sex did arcrae lo he mqinb'jitiji «• : 
For fire goea ovt lor lac^e <j£ rextL vt 



For vh«n viih time Desre bad i&ha<& a truL^ 

I onelj va? ex^m jC the world i€fi frt»i: . 

Yet what winae t«i Inr fe^nriiir 'haa^i n. v*... 

Bat to make cmirant iz:£it:i2rr r 

Caelica, 5 o« sav yo« km* m*:. li«t tt:-'^ itstr?- 
Then lude me in joiut Lean. ici»d c^^ m* tii^r- "- 

Once more : The irnd sjad iL^^ziK-TT-iiLiLLlii-r 
I^XXXlVth Sonnet fso-caliei, «jd*^ iliii trtri'-' 
allr over a * dead lone ' and obJt tidiLT ci^rLLiv- 
his own name a[ GreriUe : 

* xxnd. - xiTii„ 



XlTl. UEUOEIAL-IHTKODUCTIOy. 

" Alone uncmg the world, itrango with my frionda to be, 
Bhowing mj fall to thorn that scome, aeo not or will not 

U7 heart ■ wildomeBBe, my stodics onlj feare ; 

And aa in ahadows of curat death, a prospect of deepaire. 

My oxerrfie, muat bo, my horroms to repeat ; 

Uy peace, ioy, end, and sacrifice, hib dbad lots to 

My food, the time that was ; the tdme to come my fast ; 
For drinlce, tho barron thint I faele of glories that are 

Sighs and uJt Icon my bath : reason, my lookiag-glasie ; 
Ta thta me he moit tcretehed it, that once most happy teat. 
Forlomo desires my clocko, to tell mo euory day, 
That Time hath stolno loao, life, and all, but my distrcsas 

For mtuicke, hoaay tighea, my walko and inward woe ; 
Which liko a shadow ener ahall before ray body goe : 
And I myselfo am ho, that doth with none compare, 
Except in woes and lacke of worth, whoso states more 

wretehod era. 
Let no man asko my name, not what else I shonld be ; 
For Gniv-Iii, painc, forlomc estate, doe best decipher me."' 




M£MORIAL-INTBODUCTION. xlvii. 

Fob to thy bote's plat i oaue all my youth : 
Yong master, I did hope for jour promotion. 

While some sought honours, princes' thoughts obseruing ; 
Many woo*d Fame, the child of paine and anguish ; 
Others iudg'd inward good a chiefe deseruing ; 
I in thy wanton visions ioy'd to languish. 

I bow'd not to thy image for succession, 
Kor bound thy bow to shoot reformM Idndnesse ; 
Thy playes of hope and feare were my confession. 
The spectacles to my life was thy blindnesso : 
But Cupid now farewell, I will goe play me. 
With thoughts that please me lesse, and lesse betray 
me. * 

The pain throbs beneath the smile here: and 
altogether it is a deeper and better thing than 
Curiosity that makes as hope for the uncovering 
of the long-held secret of this * dead-love '. I know 
not that if you except Shakespeake's Sonnets, we 
have finer love-words in our language than are to 
be found in " Cffilica". Curious coincidence cer- 
tainly it is, that in the life of the statesman-poet, 
FcxKE Greville, Lord Brooke, there should be 
a chapter of un- written and hitherto utterly over- 
looked romance, corresponding fundamentally with 
similar in the lowlier life of Phinbas Fletcher 



* Ixxxvth. 



Xlviii. UKMOl 

oftlic "PiupLE Iml*kd".' Only by kcc-piog the 
central, controlling fact in mind, will you under- 
stand tlic Btr^ngc out-breaking of pussion in the 
two Poetries — the brightness as of the throne irf 
cr}'GOlite, the blackness as of the abyss, the iutcr- 
blending of soag and wail, of ' benison ' and 
malison. 

With reference to the Ixxxirth Sonnet quo- 
ted ubove, SiB Edward Dyer, — his bosom-friend 
withSiRpnmpSiDSEY, — has "A Fancy" hanng 
much the same burden ;and Liter, SorruwELi. 
turned it tci plaintive spiritual use. Doubtless 
Dteb bud read I^ord Bno.>Ke's. As Lord BuoiiKE 
prcparcdliiaownforpubliciition it seems certain his 
was the oiiginul, Uveu's the imitation. Indeed on 
stndy oftlietwo you can hoc how Brooke's might 
sugfifst I)vKii\ hut not at all how Diter's could 
suggest Biiooke's.i 

I associated the iippointmeat of Secretary of the 
Principulity of Wales, Sorth and South, with the 




][EMomLAL-DrrKoi*rcTio3^. xlix- 



name of Sir Philip Sii»3fET. I hxvi a^rain to 
associate them. On that njonraful morning of 
grey October, 1586, Zntpben took its plACie f<iT 
' all time ' as a ' yrvw/ battle ^ becaiLse of tbe noble 
and the good life flnng away on it, with a sad 
duTalry. The news came to En^and as a sor- 
row too big for words : the Nati^A^s heart was 
eore. ToFolke Greville it was as Hk- quenching of 
his own sopremest earthly Hope. Leicester and even 
Philip and Mendoza might speak of his g£2:\T3ct:ss. 
bat to his friend the loss was that of an all Imt 
idolatrous lore. There are many proofs that thf 
shadow of this sorrow lar nnliftcd across the well- 
nigh half-a-centnry of the Snrviror. The Lile of 
Sn>3fET (so-called; is not a *Life' in the large 
sense : but it is a priceless memoria] of a peerk^ss 
friendship. One can picture the reverencie and 
softness of touch, not witbrmt tear?, whcrt-- 
with the * books' left hv Will -to hi« *h<iT 
friends, Mr. Edward Dicr 'Sir E'iwitrd Drer" and 
FuLKE Geevtlle " wouLl be han^ile-l.- .^iicn'xv 
retirement, weariness to ^jrt away, markcl the 
immediately succeeding years. Xow probably, he 
sc-cluded himself most of all for th«>se profound 



* For Sidnev*8 WilL bt* Collint' Sidnevs, a* iMsior: 
VoL L p iiL 



1. MEUouAL-iNTRODrcnoir. 

interrogations of meo and things that afterwards 
ei78tallizc<i in his Poetry. Unfortwnat«lj-, our 
dates aie obncure and uncertain. We know that 
in 1593, the " Phoenix Nest " contained his verse- 
lament for Sidney, and that in 1600, Bodenbam'a 
"Belvedere" had lines of his, and that his love-lilts 
in "England's Helicon" appeared in 1600, and that 
a (probably) surreptitious edition of " Mustapha " 
was published in 1609. But aa all the other Poems 
and Pocm-Playa and Prose — substantially his 
entire Works — were posthumous, the chronology 
is undetermined. Incidentally it comes out, that 
Elizahfth was dead when the Poems of Monarchy 
were being composed:' and touches of monarch- 
portraiture in all, could only have " the most 
learaod t"ooL in Europe " for original. The Ex- 
communication of Venice in 1606 (stanza 314] 
and the Dutch Treaty of 1608, (stanza 102) 
are also noticed. His literary works wore the out 
coming of the occasional and stolon leisure of self- 
chosen retirement or retreat : only the relaxation 




XEXORlAL-DmODrcnOY. H. 

ITS MrxBi " of our Hving Gluwtosx, in osr own 
days. All who love the memoir <^ Lokd Bkooke. 
know that in his Life of Sid^bt he has giTim a 
quaint and guileless accoont of his poetic studies 
and purposes, as well as of his intended BiognphT 
or History of the Beign of Euzabkxh. Thither 
my Beaders will turn and letum.' 

The outward tacta of our WorthVs life that 
remain are soon told. They embrace three reigns 
— ^that of Elizabeth and ai James and of Charles 
the First — from all of whom he received manv 
tokens of high estimate. I rejoice that I am 
enabled to publish, for the first time, various letters 
and papers shedding light on the main factSw I 
follow the chronology. 

In December, 1595 there were certain com- 
plaints against '' Ma Fcxxe Geeville, for certain 
(alleged; abuses in K^ack-Wood in Warwick- 
shire " and ** an infonnation of £14,000 spoil '\ 
The thing was put by the Lords of Council in the 
hands of the illustrious Lord T&EAsraER and Sir 
Joas FoRTKscTK. It appears to have been deter- 
mined in his favour. Contentions sprung of royal 
**granta" of land were very frequent — the Granter 



See in our VoJome IVth. 



lii. MEllOBIAL-I.NTnODl'CTlOX. 

rather than the bcQcficiary, being commonly blame- 
In Oetohcr, 1597, he became Sm Fclkk Gee- 
TILI.K, Knight, receiving the title nloug with 
others of mark. It meant then very much more 
than it has since done, or now does, under the 
reign of I'lutoeracy.' 

In March, 1598, he " made interest " for the 
office of ■' Treasurer of the Wars "—our Secretary 
of War now, I suppose.' From observation and 
study he was preemineutly qualified for such a 
post. Witness his "Of War" (two) and "Of 

In the 41st of Elizabeth [or 1599—1600] he 
was appointed "Treasurer of Marine Causes" 
for lifi'.^ I have seen various warrants and ac- 
counts Iwaring his signature in this office. As 
during tile Commonwealth a Blake was equally 
great on land as on sea, so, when in Augu^it, 1599, 
a rumour was bruited of another Armada to invade 
England, Sir Fclke was in event of it to have 





XIJlOKLiL-IXTBODrCTIOy. liii. 

wunld most certainly have proved of the true 
Sea- Lion hreed. These giants of earlier and later 
days were fit and ready for almost any heroism 
or service man could do. A hitherto un-printed 
document gives us curious insight into the work 
the ** Treasurer of Marine causes" had to over- 
see, and also of the economies practised in the 
England of Elizabeth. Here it is : 

Ifte' o' verie hartie Comendacons. Where- 
as he' Ma^ by the advise of me the 
Lord Admiralle and the reste of he^ 
Counsaile hath resolved that fo' the better de- 
fence and safegarde of her Xavie at Chatham, 
some fortification shalbe made at the Castle of 
Vpno', and hath comaunded vs to consider in 
what manner and fashion the same may beste be 
p'formed w^ regard both to the strenght and 
to her Ma«*['3] expence and whether of Tymber or 
of Stone, as alii[o] of all other p'ticularities thereto 
app'teyning : Whereof wee have already spoken 
w'^ vou Mr Grevill and have shewed vnto you 
p^cribed, such a forme of yt as wee thinke wilbe 
of beste vse. fforasmuch as yt is needuU that her 
Ma*** be mo' p'fectly informed, both of the charge 
of the said fortification and of all p'ticularities 
that shalbe resolvtHl on, before the worke be 



liv HEMOBiiL-nrTBODcrcnos. 

taken in hand or allowance of the saJd Charge be 
mode fo, the same : Wee doe therefore pray and 
require you vnto vhom this C I're is directed 
T<^ as much epeed as convenie'tly yon may, 
to repaire vnto the said Castle of Yp'nor and 
there, vpon vewe of the place, to consider and 
obscrrc That is mceteste in all respectes to be 
done for the making of the said fortificat'one, and 
thereopoE w**" duo regard that her ilB*** be not 
put to more charge then ys needful], to deliver 
YUto V8 yor opinion of all points of the said for- 
tificat'on and also an estimat of the whole charge 
thereto belonging. W" that you moy doe the 
mort; readily and p'fectly wee doe require you also 
to cull vnto you Will'm Spicer the Surveyo' and 
Simon Bosylt the Comptroller of her Ma" workcs, 
Arthure Oregorie and Baptista, and to take the 
opinion of these according as every of them ys 
best able to give ad\-iso in his owno practize ef 
facultic : And sm wee bidd you very hartely 
fiarcwell ffrom the Courto at Nonesuch the isV* 




MEMORlAL-IXTRODrcnOX. Iv 

esqnior, Tresorer of the Xavie or to either 

of them, in the absence of ffoalk Grivell 

to the rest of the Officers of the Admiralltie.* 

In 1599— 1600, having — as he thought— oppor- 
tnnity to serve a friend. Sir Fulke on a *' Sunday 
mominge" being in London sent off a Letter. 
The HicKES of it was the Banker-friend of Bacox, 
a money-changer with a soul above mere money, 
who comes honourably up in contemporary annals 
and correspondence. Let us read this Letter — 
again hitherto unpublished : 

S', cominge home yesterday from Chatha™ wher 
I haue byn this two dayes about the Queene's 
busines, I founde Docto' James was dead, wher- 
uppon bethinckinge with my self his place for 
the keapinge of records in the Tower might be fitt 
for yo^ self, I presentlie sent to seeke yo'^ heere, 
and findinge yov not, I sonde this bearer purpose- 
lie to aduertise yo^ of the same : wherin if yo^ 
meane to engage yor frends, I will be very redie 
to ioyne w^*» them to the \'ttermost of my power 
to doe yo^ good. Therfore I prey if yor take 
lykinge to yt, come presentlie hither that yo^ and 
I may Conferr together of some coorses, w^*» must 



* Addl MSS. [B. Muaeum] 6752 fol. 374 : Ori-inal. 



Ivi. llEUOBIAL-IZITSOSrCTION. 

nwccssnriclic he followed in tho pursuit of this 
matter, And thua expectingc to hccrc from yon I 
comcndc nic very hartelie vnto yo". ffrom the 
Austin ffriera this Sunday mombge xviii''^. of 
JuDUarie 1600. 

Yor, assured louinge frendc 
tfonlkc GrcTyll 
I doe not forgett my kynde 
(Joiiiundacons to 31". Hyckca : and 
I write io Another Mian's hande for 
ftare my ownc wiil not be vnderstood. 

To my verie louinge frendi' 

Mr Miehaell Hickes at 

his house at Buckalla. dd.' 

In the 44th and last year of Elizabeth [1603] 

> Lansd. 88. fa. 2. [B. Museum] OH^Htial. Aa nbove 
Iicttcr in literary I odd hero a sniall Nutu from tbe Cutiun 
M&S. [Jul. C. III. f. 180]— probably addn-wed to Sir. 
Robert Cotton, who may have kept it as un autograph. 




MsxoBiAL-nrrsoDrcTfoy. Irii. 

** having bought ap from private hands some 
claims upon the manor of Wedgnock ", he obtained 
from the Queen ^ a grant of the antient and spod- 
ous park thereunto belonging, for himself^ his 
heirs, and assigns, in as ample a manner as John^ 
Duke of Xorthumberiand, or Ambrose, Earl of 
Warwick, had held it,'" So that to the end the 
great Queen honoured her faithful servant. Dro- 
DALB records other grants in Warwickshire. But 
behind these gifts and purchases our Worthy had 
his own pecuniary straits — so much so, that like 
Bacox and others of the period, he has to turn to 
Master Hickes. I suspect our good Knight, were 
he alive, would have sharp words against me for 
the liberty I take : nevertheless it i> a pleasure 
to me to bring forth from their resting-places a 
series of unpublished letters to Kickes that are of 
no common interest. I inter-calate only a very 
few woids : 

** S'the heaWe burthen that is falne vppon me 
for the sccuringe of my whole estate, makc[s] me 
to intreate yo' fauour in this matter. I am to pay 
S*" Dauid Fowles 500' at a verie short day, and 
haue noe other meancs to raise so greate a sume 
but by layenge all my plate to gage. I do ther- 
fore verie heartilic pray yo^ to be a meanes to 

' B. B., as before, page 2395. 



Mii. MEMOHIil-IKTKOIUJCTIOX. 



procure me such a Gome vppon a Bufflcicnt pawne 
of Bomc good frend, whereby I may escape the 
rancor of tlio worldc, and leave my plate safe, 
eythor for three moneths or haulf a yeare. I 
will willingly geeve the vsuall consideracon, and 
take yt as a rerie kyndc favor at yo^ hands. And 
thus -w^ my very hartic comendacons to yoiBelf 
and lira. Hyckes I eomit yo" to God, ffrom 
Harrow's P'ke this XV'i' of July, 1603. 
To' assured louinge frende, 

fTulko Grevyll. 

I write to you the rather because 1 am not well 
and cannot come to Jjondou to speake with yo, 
mysclfu.'" 

HicsEs mUBt instantly have attended to the little 
mattor, for he received hearty thanks on the third 
day subsequent, in this Irf'ttor : 

" S' I thunck yon verio hartilic for the paines 
you hauo taken about this Uonie : wherein I was 
more willingc to treble yon, bccawsci amTcrie loth 
to hauemy DHmein questiun amongst them that 




MEMORIAL-INTBODUCTION. Hx. 

my plate may remayne in your hands & custodie, 
and that betwixt you the lenders may haue such 
securitie as may content them wthout notice of 
mee, or passage of my plate thorough unknown 
hands in this infectious tyme. So readie to deserue 
this kyndness in anie thing I may, I leaue you 
w*** my hartie comendations to god's protection, 
Deptford, 1 8th July, 1603. 

Your assured loving frend, 

fPulke Grevyll. 
To my verie wor**^rie] frend, 

Mr. Michael Hicks, &c."» 
There are more than business-relations between 
the Banker and lord of Beauchamp. He is in 
residence at Wedonock Park, and bethinks bim 
of his friend, (now) Sir Michael Hickes, or 
rather of his ** better part " — ** better half*' is our 
phrase — and sends a * buck ' with gallant words, 
as now we may read : 

**S^- MichaeU Hixe [«?V] not to you, but to the 
better part of your selfe, I aducnture to send this 
buck. Yf he come not sweete and worthy of her, I 
am sorry, and the carrier is only to blame, whoso 
diligence may eas'ly do it, and he is hyred and 



» Lanud. 88. f. 125 ; Original. 



\X. KKMOMAL-INTRODrcnOM. 

iDBtracted of purpose. The noble Earlc of Salis- 
berrj hnthe taken a lonjj loiimoy out of his way 
to visit me and my pooro Cottage : the honor he 
did me In it is more then I cjin deserve, but when 
he shall please to comand my service, he and the 
world shall see, that I am a more natunill snbject 
to lovo then power. Good &'■ Michaell co'iSend 
me to your selfo and the good woman, ft let us 
sometymes this winter have vour eompaynies, for 
I unfoynctUy loce you bothe. From Wedgnock 
parkc, this 27 of August. 

Your true friend, 

Fulke Grcvjll. 
To the right worshipfulll 
his very good frend, 
Sr. Slichaell Hise [»!>]. 
give thcs at CuckoUs.' " 

Tidings of royal movements arc wished : and bo 
to the same " very louingo frendo " goes forth 
this LctU-r : 

" S' MieLacll, let me know by this bearer how 
mi Tou do, mid h\ yiiu H3 ferteyuiy a 




MEXOBilX-DCTBODrcnoX. IxL 

frends but comendatioES, and gt»olwilL w^ I offer 
vou bothe w* all mv harL Yf votit Icvsnre 
serre, a word how the nether howse and thv 
Indgtrs agree about this naturalysation by Law. 
would be welcome & you shall eomand more of 
me, whensoever I live In the light and you In 
darkness. Farwell good S*^^ Michaell & p>i pros- 
per your ladv W*^ all vours. From Edminst^in. 
this 3 of Marche 

Your loving friend 

Fulke Grevvll. 
To the righte wo'shipp" his 
vcrie louinge fronde S' 
Michaell Hicks Knighte"^ 

Some years have elapsed, but the old fnend>hip 
is true and strong as ever, as come> out pleasantly 
in our last letter of this group : 

** S,.. Michaell Hicks, comcnd me kindly to 
your selfe and your good lady, is, take tLi> poore 
token In good part, only to bear witncf s, that I 
am not willing to forgett or be forgotten by sui.he 
harty frends and neghebors : we hear that my lord 
Treasurer, should be a little trved w^ a cold or 
Ilbeume [?] In his gumes : good S'. wryte a won! 

« Endorfed " 3 March 1606 Sr Foulke Grevill. Lsmsd. 
MS. 90. fo. 19 : OnginaL Edmington = EdmouUm unar 
London. 



Ixii. HEVO RIAL- INTRODUCTION. 

bow he Jothe, by wbomc all will do mucbo the 
better, yf it please you to a8[ke] after my 
bcaltbe, In few words, I assure [y]ou my hearing 
u worse, sinee my coming Into the Country, bat 
my disposition of body shewing something better : 
and BO w''' my kind cofiicadacione and wishing 
to you bothe as to my selfe, I comit you to god, 
IVom CoEDpton in bast, this 29 of December, 

Your asBun^ loving frend, 
Fulke Grevyll 
pardon the mischauncc of this 
pcecc of paper. 

To the right worshippfull 
bis very good frend Sr. 

iliehael Hixe [«r>] &c '" 
Not wishing to interrupt the Hickes corres- 
pODdence, I have delayed a Letter of 1606, 
oddressed to the great " Earle of Salisbury" — 
like all the others hitherto unpublished. It con- 
cerns (he Plot with which all England rang, and 
whi<'h iiLspLU'd PH1NE.1S rLEicuEi: to sing his 




XESiouAL-nrrsoDrcnoir. Ldii, 

conspiracy discoverrd and the honoor tout wt*- 
dom and diligence hathe won tou in it, bat with- 
all the servants wiyte to me that yoor Lordship 
hath never since bene well, which makes me per- 
some to send this bearer only to knowe how you 
do : I can offer yoor Lordship no more then his 
h amble service that it seemes is as anfortenate as 
they that wishe him worst woald have him, and so 
desiring god to send yoa many happy dayes and 
more worthy frends I most hambly take my leave 
from Harrold's park this 12 of July, 

Your honour's humble frend 
& Servant 

ffulke Grevyll ".» 
These Letters have swept us onward, somewhat 
over-hastily, seeing they cover 159-4 — 1610. Re- 
turning to the first date [1594] all honour must 
be paid to our Worthy, in that he recognized and 
urged the claims of Bacox. Of this, two Letters 
from him to Bacox, and a third from Bacox in 
answer to the first, survive, and demand our loving 
regard The first is very brief, and serves as an 
introduction to the more important succeeding 
one: 



» Add. MSS. 6178, f. 178: Copy by Bikch. 



IxiV. HEMOKIAL-lNTSODDCrlON. 

" Mr. Francia Bacon, 

Ab my heart was full of your praise, m have 
I OS freely delivered it to the Queen. "When I 
see you, you shall know the particulars. In the 
meantime believe me her Highness was more 
gracious to you. Awake your friends. I have 
dealt with Sir John Fortescue and my Lord of 
Essex by letter. Neither will I neglect the rest 
for yon. And so in haste I, commit you to God. 
Your assured kind friend, 

Foulke Orevillc. 
I thought ere now to have come to you. To- 
morrow I will in the afternoon without fail.'" 
A month later, or thereby, there came thu : 

" Mr. Francis Bacon, 

Saturday was my first coming to the Court, 
ikim whence I departed again as soon as I had 
kissed her Majesty's hands, because I had no 
lodging nearer than my nnclo's, which is four 
miles off. 

This day I came thither to dinner, and waiting 




MEMORIAL- INTRODUCTION. IxV. 

for to speak with the Queen, took occasion to tell 
how I met you as I passed through London : and 
among other speeches how you lamented your 
misfortune to me, that remained as a withered 
branch of her roots, which she had cherished and 
made to flourish in her service. I added what I 
thought of your worth ; and the expectation for 
all this that the world had of her princely good- 
ness towards you ; which it pleased her Majesty 
to confess that indeed you began to frame very 
well, insomuch as she saw an amends in those 
little supposed errors, avowing the respect she 
carried to the dead, with very exceeding gracious 
indination towards you. Some comparisons there 
fell out besides, which I leave till we meet, which 
I hope shall be this week. It pleased her withal 
to tell of the jewel you offered by Mr. Vice- 
Chamberlain, which she had refused, yet with 
exceeding praise. I marvelled that as a prince, 
she would refuse those homages of poor subjects, 
because it did include a final sentence of despair ; 
but either I deceive myself, or she was resolved to 
take it : and the conclusion was very kind and 
gracious. So as I will lay £100 to £50, that 
you shall be her Solicitor, and my friend ; in 
which mind, and for which mind, I commend you 



Ixvi. HEMORI^L-l.NTSODDCItON. 

to Godand mim. From the Court this Monday, 
in bast«. 

Your true friend to he commanded by you, 

Foulkc Groville." 

"We cannot tell whether she come to Hampton 

on Friday, or stay here. I am much absent for 

want of lodging ; wherein my own man hath 

only been to blame.' " 

Kvcry one knows that Fleuino, not Bacon, 
became ' Solicitor ' : so that our Gro\-il]e forfeited 
hU£100. 

To the first letter, Bacon returned this charac- 
teristic answer : 
" Sir, 

I understand of yonr pains to hare 
visited me, for which I thank you. llTy matter is 
an entUcss question. I assure yon I had said 
Jttgui'eiee anima mea : but I now am otherwise 
put to my psalter ; Molife eonjidsre. I dare go no 




MEMORIAL-DTTBODrCTION. Ixvii. 

further. Her Majesty had hy set speech more 
than once assured me of her intention to call me 
to her service ; which I could not understand but 
of the place I had been named to. And now 
whether tnvidus homo hoc fecit ; or whether my 
matter must be an appendix to my Lord of Essex 
suit; or whether her Majesty, pretending to 
prove my ability, meaneth but to take advantage 
of some errors which, like enough, at one 
time or other I may commit ; or what it 
is; but her Majesty is not ready to despatch 
it. And what though the Master of the Rolls, 
and my Lord of Essex, and yourself, and others, 
think my case without doubt, yet in the meantime 
I have a hard condition, to stand so that what- 
soever service I do her Majesty, it shall be 
thought to be but servitium viscatum, lime-twigs 
and fetehes to place myself ; and so I shall have 
envy, not thanks. This is a course to quench all 
good spirits, and to corrupt every man*s nature ; 
which will, I fear, much hurt her Majesty' sei-vice 
in the end. I have been like a piece of stuff be- 
spoken in the shop ; and if her Majesty will not 
take me, it may be the selling by paicels will be 
the more gainful. For to be as 1 told you, like 
a child following a bird, which when he is near- 
est flieth away and lighteth a little before, and 



IxTlii. MEMOEJAL-INTBODCCTIOIT. 



then the child after it agaio, nnd so in infinitum, 
I am weary of it ; ns also of wearying my good 
fiiends : of whom, ncvcitliek'as, I hope in one 
course or other gratefully to dcsorre. And so 
not forgetting your biisincsa, I leave to trouble 
you with this idle letter, being hntjuata et mod- 
erata querimoata : for indoed I do confess, primus 
amor will not easily be cast off. And thus 
again I commend me to you. '" 

Me, Speddlvo finds difficulty in determining 
the diite of this Letter : but the promise of Gbe- 
viLLE in his first Letter to visit him, is plainly 
referred to, and the ' errors ' are equally plainly 
noticed in his second : so that the date is shewn 
to have been between 27th May and 1 7th June, 
1594. In connecljon with tlie often-named 
Essf^ and the traditional charge against Bacdk 
of ingratitude to him, it is of vital importance 
to remember, that notwithstanding their blood- 
relationship as 'cousins', and notwithstanding 




KEMORIAL-INTBODXTCnON. Ixi X. 

of Essex. Even HEPWoRxn Dixox has over- 
looked this fact^ Xor is it of less moment also 
to remember that Sir Fclke, as Chancellor of 
the Exchequer, shares the responbility of the 
Peacham case.' 

Later — as our Lord Brooke's * Speech ' given in 
his Prose, shews, — Bacox received further proof 
of the steadfastness of his Friend. 

From the '* Journal of Parliament" of Sir 
Stmoxds d*EwEs it appears that our Knight not 
only * served ' as a Member of the House of 
Commons — which from his oflfices he must have 
done — for his native Warwickshire : but took 
part effectively in the Debates. No less than 
Bacox in a Letter to the King reporting the 
hearing of St. John's cause in the Star-chamber : 
(29th of April, 1615,) thus praises our Greville; 
** Mr. Chancellor of the Exchequer spake finely, 
somewhat after the manner of my late Lord Privy 
Seal ; not all out so sharply, but as elegantly."' 
More honouring still, he has preserved in his 

* See Spedding as before . Life and Letters, Vol. II., 
page 273. 

2 See Spedding, Ibid, Vol. V., py. 92, 135. 

* See Spedding, as before, Vol. V. p. 135 : See too our 
Note to Speeches in Vol. IVth, for more details on his 
Parliamentary attendance and services. 



Isx. MEUOHIAL-IIiTKODUCTIOK. 

" Apophthogemoa, new and olil " (1625) onesen- 
tontious ' Speech ' in the House. Here it is : " Sir 
Fulke Grevill in Parliament, when the Lower House 
in a great business of the Queen's, stood much 
upon precedents, said unto them ; ' Why should yon 
stand so mueh upon precedents ? the times here- 
after will be good or bad ; if good, precedents 
will do no harm ; if bad, power will make k way 
where it finds none ".' In the same collection of 
' wise and pithy sayings ', Bacox has recorded very 
graciously another 'little speech ' upon idle gos- 
sips of the Court concerning him. Thus it mns : 
"SiK Fdlke Ghevill had much and private 
access to Queen Elizabeth, which he used hon- 
ourably, and did many men good : yet he would say 
merrily of himself " Tliat he was like Robin. 
Goodf'i'llow ; for when the maids spilt the milk- 
pans or kept any racket, they would lay it upon 
Robin : So what tales the ladies about the Qnecn 
told her, or other had offlees that they did, they 
would put it upon him "." Sih Robert Nauntok 




MEMOBlil.-CfTRODUCnON. 






b&B sninmarized liis ' charactor ' as one of Elua- 
I xrrtt'B ' courtiera and favourites ' and it may aa 
> well ho rcud now : " Sir Pulke Greirill, since 
I Lord Brook, had no mean placid in her favour, 
I nc'ithor did ho liold it for a short term ; for, if I 
f be not dccoired, he had the longest lease and tho 
I smoothest time, without rub, of any of her favour- 
i. He came to the Court in his youth and 
prime : for that ia tho time or Dover, He was a 
bnivo geiitlcinan, and honourably descended from 
Willonghby, Lord Brook and admiral to Henry 
VI I'". Neither illitenite: for he was, as ho 
would often profosa, a friend to Sir Pliilip Sidney: 
and tJiere aro of his now extant, wnio fragmeula 
of his poems, and of those timaa, which do in- 
terest him in tho Muses: and which show tho 
Queen's election had euer a noble conduct, and it 
[the poetry], motions more of rortuu oud judg- 
ment than of fancy. I find that he neitht^r 
■ought for or obtained any great place or prefer- 
ment in Court, dui-ing all the time of his attend- 
ance ; neither did he ueul it ; for he came tliithcr 
bucked with a plentiful fortune ; which, ua 
himself was wont to say, was the better held 
together, by a single life, wherein ho lived and 
di{d, a constant courtier of the ladies ".' 



Begaliu, < 



Obecrvntiam i 



the liLlo 



l.txii. MFHOhiiL-rHTKOii'ircnojT. 



Jamkb VI. of Scotlnnd and 1st of England, 
ehumblcd iat« the august throne of ELiztKKiH : 
anil ho " itiew Joseph. '' In 1803, he was created 
Enight of the Bath at tho coronation, and not 
long aft«r had a royal grant of the (then) ruinoua 
Castle of Warwick — on which ho lariehed enor- 
mous suras, until it was the boast of the county, 
and of England, aa it remains still, through its 
magnificent reach of wall, and towered battle- 
ments, and craggy precipices, and pleasant gardens, 
and parks, and walks, as expatiated on ia admi- 
ring phrase by Sib Willum Duodalr ;' The 
old " Itiographia Britannica," in relation to tho 
preceding grant, and another of " the manor and 
lands of Knowle " remarks with penctratiTcncBS, 
but forgetful of his life-held appointments in 
Wales, and over the Navy : " ho tasted the royal 
bounty, as yet, more in such grants of land, than 
any offices in the State. Indeed, he seems to 
have had more temptation to divert himself with 




MEMORIAL-IXTHODUCTIOX. Ixxiii. 

his buildinirs and his books for some vears at least, 
in the foiiuer part of this reign, than to pursue 
his interest at Court, where he met with discour- 
agements from some persons in power, perceived 
the measures of government and management of 
the State quite altered, waining from the lustre 
in which he had seen it shine, and found little 
hopes of being preferred to anything considerable 
in the ministrv : therefore he seems to have 
formed some schemes of retirement, that he might 
as much as possible, live over again the glorious 
times he had been witness of in the late reign, by 
recalling the particulars thereof to his memory, 
and recording the same with his pen, which he 
proposed to confirm with the most authentic 
vouchers in being : but how posterity came 
to be deprived of his said intended Life or His- 
tory of QcEEX EuzABKxn, his own words may 
hi'st declare''* Sorrowfully true — with the life- 
posts excepted — as well in the * waining lustre * as 
in (.'ecils's fast and-loose-conduct in the matter of 
the * vouchers ', with such anti^iue dignity told in 
the Life of Sidxet. Nevertheless, it is due to 
the ignoble memory of James to remember that 
under him our Worthy kept all his former offices, 



» Page239G. 



bcxiv. MKMOBUL-lNTBODnCTION, 

and that onward — in 1614 — he was appointed 
under-Tri'asurcr, and then fully, — Cecil being 
now gont — Chancellor of the Exchequer, and 
Privy- Coiiu SI' llor, and more personally, one of 
the (gentlemen of the Bwlchambur.' Moreover, 
in 1617, he obtaincil a special charterj "con- 
firming all such liberties as had been granted 
to any of his ancestors, in behalf of the town 
of Alcestcr, [ Warwick sbire] upon a new rent 
of ten shillings per annum, then reserved to 
the said king, his heirs and successors".' Final- 
ly, in 1620, he was created a Baron of the 
Hcalm, by the title of Lord Brooke, of Beau- 
champs- Con rt, "with limitation of that honour, 
for luck of issue male of his own body, untoo 
liobort {JrtviUe, sou of Fulke, son of Robert, a 
younger son of the tirat Fulke".-' 

It is agiiiu, a thousand pities that Family- 
-papers and Con'cspondi'nce covering so trans- 
cendent a p<'riod, sliould still remain in private 




MEMORIAL-IXTROUUCTIOX. IxXV. 

I know not that until William Ewart Gl.\d- 
STOXE filled the office, England has had a 
wiser or more supremely qualified Chancellor. 
He had all the present Lowe's brain-power, 
without his cynicism and malice of provocation. 

Only two additional Letters, one on the Spanish 
* Marriage ' Expedition and another on the Palat- 
inate have been preserved, so far as known. I 
have disentombed them, like the previous — the one 
from the Tanner and the other from the Harleian, 
MSS: and here they are,— one, gay, chatty, 
pleasant, albeit we had welcomed worthier topic : 
the other passionate, stem, almost accusing, spite 
of its courteousness and courtliness of phrase. 
I give them successively : 
" Bight Hono^^« & my verie good Lo : 

A short blessing, is euer welcome to a good 
Childc ; and a quarrell for omission of dutie, from 
such a Grandfather, is a greater bond of kindness, 
then a mother's blessing in a Clout. Therefore 
(noble lord) to make good this, and some amends 
for my negligence. Let meo pray God to p'"scrue 
yo" , in the heat of Spaync, Spring of the yearo, 
und my grandmother's absence ; from strong wyne, 
vyole'nt exercise, and delicate woenicn. ^foru 
then Complement, what can you expect Ironi him, 
to whome you comaund nothing; a man old, 



IsXVi. MEMOEIiL-lNTRODUCTIOir. 

without office, implovmcnt, or particuler intuUi- 
gencQ in anytiiing. Nuverthelus (worthy LortI) 
if the proverbe be fa-ue that lookers on maic see 
somotymcs as much as players win doe, then 
hcleiue, that I will carefully attend my Souer- 
aignc's provident eye oucr nil that concerncs yo" 
and if I finde any draught play'd aiuisae in yo' 
game, as confidently presume to acquaint him : 
Hce eun <Ioc what hce will, and in my conscience 
will Uoe what hee can. 

Touching this noble worke yo" are in liand 
with, I will Huy noe more but uLj^isED be the 
woKixo THAT lb Kor LCSGE i\ DOKiNG J especially 
after soe many yeurcs spent in deliberate treaties 
about it : The God of love and hono* forbidd, 
that anic uduantageous wi^otne whatsocuor 
should eclipse, qualify, yea or mingle it selfe, w* 
these hazardous trauclU of our brave Prince's 
affections to bringo home his cquall. I will 
thereforu Iinpc, that it is among Kiugcs and 




H 



(in petty thingcs) the sprending Scpptcr of Spayno 
muie swme to bend vndtT the Slyter of Rome, yet 
ui rygnliticH nnd things of hifth natiue, I presume 
yon shall sec, it re»erucs n mora auplaty^e neat- 
ness, thi'n otlicr petty Soueraignes of tho samo 
fnitU doo, or dure imagine. 

I seiioualy wish this hasty errand ondoil, and 
yoUT tellies at homo ; where you shnll findt' yuur 
old gruundchililu linrt«ly devotod, to lyvc, and 
dye. 

Yo^ LoiT" lomg and 
humble eervant. 
F. Brooke. 
Whitehall this lu'"' 
of Aprill '.023. 
l.n : MuTijueBso BurltlngliHoi. 
To the Bight Hono"' and 
my verie good f/ird, tht I.ct : 
llHnjuess Backinghum 
1a> : High Admirall of 
Kngland £c.'' 
Now for a ' weighty ' Letter ou the Palatinate, — 
thr originul ivom and injured and so having 
latiina, but <iuiek and potent as wlwm writlen, 
Urcsixuiuw in his levity 1 fear, would scan-o 
read the wnrniug, wise, proud, bnire wonls, pul- 
witing with memories of thr great dtuil Que<>n : 



IxxTiii. xExoEiAL-ixiKODrcnoT. 

" May it pleat- your I'm^L: 

Out (if Spaine. wi* ht-art- tht worlJ comes 
M fust aft ... , yourd pirture.'' as wee 
a',*urt our wlot-s this great worki- is at a pood . 
. . with contentcn' to our bicssi-i Prince, 

and like- a princely treaty w'" 

of hono' to the Monarchy hee intendcs to match 
with. 

But '.S'; wcu hcarc of a niw treaty sprange 
vpp, hctwt-cn the I'alsgrauf's oldest sonnc, and 
the Kmp^ron younfrcr daughter: \ Labarinth, 
into which what hope soeuer Ifade vs, I fcarc, 
no one thrted will be able to guide rs well out. 
Hw.ausp in the pasiiigos bitwecn these farr dis- 
tiiTit I'rinfcs, eilueati'in of children steines like 
to be dc-inuumli'd. Itallancing of co^n^>ell. to the 
ji-idoii-y »f fr icn.I-1. (iuistion whether the Pala- 
tinate sIiiillKi dcliiicreil in tlio nonage hefoif 
niaiiapi', or after. Tlu-ii whether seiiucstred 
into II ('ath'tlii|uc, or ri-r)tt'staut's hands. If into 
u Cath.-Iiijuc a probiitiU> argiuiu'iit that both it 




3TnbitF«a ■:' siifrj: VriTTi: ": .rivnn^ iniL ittc- 
fi-ct Aa«iit: of ilrfr riTiri**:*^ Trvtrs oii ixmir* 
(cTen whC^ the sr^i^ioi 1*577* Mjuo* :ff Tiir^ iziir- 

«]*>m€'- «>^-fc^1 ivTr iz. lie*- ilLIli d 'JL-m '~-'«i. IC 

kinge. and Pric-nt. ■iaL'^ r-dr:*::? t: liijT ^rrinH '17 

tesT. and clargiare- <€ zht imt-tG-.*? •.•:*iAr5'.*iiie*» 
with Tisiofn* of •X'ci^iann or "MCiiLK. 

ranish into smo t* t;.' iz.»r^r?:iiii 

vapors vse to d'>e, j-.: zij-e — r lr-:^r 1; . iriciii^ 

t.> T>^ Gr:!*^, -wijitr iaT* 

overtly protected ss-iir^ lit iz.r:i 

of the SpanvanL *:Vtrn tli* fTKt::'-^ ir?-^ :?f -JiHr 
Palatinat's, .... IkZ.t^. xcf-.S.-.r :<f 
marriage, be- not like to pr^v^ r..*L-r7 :: ~ t . . 
. . . colourablt* ani :ir.-iT:T>-i'-I.. I-_i--i, 
Because suppose . . . f 1 tl! I ':•* rr^ijLZ- -L 

vet whoc sees not that tli ^frT.zz .: it -c-"' 

« — ~ ■ ■ 

prove an Act of soe many ifirt*^. -.ill::- 1 ?.T»r. 
Emperor, Kinge of SpiJLv, I>::i<^ •:: Litlj^jtI-. i. 
(and of soi- great cons >jU': ex- ::*yr.tly ii; =*e -or- 
ally to them all, as mun vf i.e>r--i::r 7'^-.•.:Tr 
diuers Assemblies, Coniission?, h.z:*: l>;::t-. * ' 



IXXX. MEMORUT.-I.VTKODUCrioy. 

&c. And tlicD what tymo the ixccution of the 
Minute vt[(liTthcsfchca(ic<i, will UcniauQd, heo that 
knowcs the diucra-naturc of nutions in treating, 
may vcrie oosilj- coneeaue. 

To begin with the least. Viliat money or other 
eondicons can be offered, like to satisfy, the honor, 
humo', and huge ospence of the Bauarinn, for 
quitting his conquest to soc vn-roconcilcablo a 
ncighbo'' ? and if there be possibiltie, yet out of 
whose estate or treasuric arc these condicons or 
proportoiis of Dowry, probably to be expected ? 

Touching the Empi-ro'. Is theri' any forreigno 
Alliance able to perswndc this prince ; whoe hav- 
ing by an i-ntimely warr chang'd all tenures 
of elcccon, info succession, and thereby shaken 
the aunticnt freedome of our German Princes, 
what I say can in likely good wynnc him, to 
restore these dead forces of his enemyes, to tlie 
p'iudice of all bee cniiiyes, or aspires ? 

Beside what shall move the Emperor, to take 
away the bann from the Talsgraue's person whoe 




rigfat in him but m-i^Iiitioz i* ir-T*r-ir\-« :v ti-: 
diuisions 2lrca»iv nii-iv. X.tTr'tL?t;i-Iii:: i.-ar 
little risht <«xu' Le^ r^r'ttn*!*, v^t li* C.-::z>lL Lii 
in^trum*-*, his chirgie- by .ii-i«erj::z. :T-rr: iji. 
in^nsible succor, the worM *oi-» Liv.e tin vsisii 
in all th«t warrts : S>r is thi^, tioither witri 
his right by stronse h.irA ;r>tt«:u ici kvr-t by 
arte of depositing, Tpoa the V./tiilJ::.:-, zz^t lejil 
vs to dLsceme cleerlv, thjt K-?e di.'i-r5 tLr rris- 
sage of his forces through th-jzi. e>rL/Ji. ici s^ 
resemes both, to over-nin the I'jwr O.-iiZTirrs 
when hee pleasc-s : AgaiiLst wLi.h little ??:^:e. 
^whether out of revenge, or asiliri :n •:-: grt-uter 
conquestes by them h're will cor^-^t^ir.tly .lirry a 
watchfull and srriping enemye** Lini .... 
Concerning the Pope, wh-^e kii>w«irs not that 

hL« S:ir»rtir.ai:T how«o*>-i- 'hv~ 

dissembk'f. vcth hath, d>th, and vi-.-r will r^r . 
. . . holyne*. to stirr \-pp colo^iriblv warrs 
of religion. .Sir.T-e warrs, cor*tin>to . . and 
tumulti'-s among Princes have bin Lis old w;iy ...f 
ad'linz more u . . . and p»jwer to hi.> sanc- 
tific<l S.-a, how I sav this new fa-hionM Monarch 
»halbc wonne to suffer H'-M* If ♦ rL:» [the m.»st 
dangerous nest of hcretiques atttr <ren».ua^ t" 
n-tume to her former strength, is a jn.int lcy«»nd 
my capacity. 



Ixxxii. M EMORIAL-IXTIlODUfTIOy. 

JJy these short, hasty, and vnp'fect Images, 
yo'" (Inico may yott iiulpre, that except the res- 
tituton of the Palatinate be instantly pressed 
(and like a worke of fanes either finished or bro- 
ken of at onoL'), wee may eas'ly be oversliott in 
our owne bowcs, by liaving the strengthes and 
free Counoell of Enj^land, Scotland & Ireland 
durinj; this treaty, kept vnder, a kindc of Gouert- 
baron, [»/V] and soe lonjre, made a forge for 
other Princes ends, as my blessed Soueraigtie's 
tnist may perchance finde it self, compcld to play 
an after -Game, among' st discourageii freinds, and 
combination of powerfull cnemyes, Such, as 
vnder Caractcrs of Allyance will thinko they 
haue woonne one great stepp, towarde their in- 
veterate ambition of a wcsterne ^[onarchy. 

Xobh' Duke, If you finde mee lifted above my 
earth, in handling a Subject to which I am 
vttcrlv a stranger; vet heare with a Muncke 
humo»", in a man that is prisoner to old ago, hide 
my folly from the eyes of Criticke. And panlon 
his freedome that hath wearied yo", with a 
mvnde cuer to rcmuvnc. 

Y^ ( I race's 

J.oving Cirandchild . 
& 

hunihh* servant .... 
F Hr . . . . 



For the Duke of BackinztLi:::'* Gr*:^. 
Brookhouso. this 11th "idirv-ss~ 

of Xovember, 1623. 
Duke of Buckingham/*^ 

Charles, * the prince ' of the above LetttJ-, siic- 
ceeded his father in 1 62o : and Iȣi^ Bk-iokx 
continued a *' Counsellor of State '". But his 
name does not come up in the thrt-e years of this 
reign that he saw. He seems again to hare 
preferred retirement and literary leisure. He 
hud intimate relations with the foremost intellect* 
ual men of his age, and had an observant eye orer 
the progress of thought and opinion, and for 
Workers. His friendship for Sidxet is immortal, 
and need not be dwelt on herc^'. In our lntp>lac- 
tion to the * Life ', in his Prose, I give Sn>.vET*» 
fine commemoration in verse, of hi? thrt-e-fold 
friendship.* It is to his impcrisliable honour that 
earlier, as already seen — and on to the di-ep- 
shadowed Fall, he stood true to Bacox — who 
submittcKl his Henrv Vllth to his 'animal vers- 
ion '.' Then Camdkx was appointc-d Clarencieux 



* Harloian MS : 1581, fol. 270 : oriidiiul ; and Tanner 
MSS. Vol. 73, fol. 382. 

' Soe also there, new letters of Lord Bpx»ke on Sidney. 

' It may bo well to give in a note all that B. B. says 
on thin : '^ The Loitl Bacon had 8uch an opinion of Ids 
knowledge, judgment, and friendly regard to his fame 



IXXXIT. MEMOEIAL-rNTEODUCTION. 

through bUmflueiico.'aiid in his will the illustrious 
Autiquaiy left bim a piece of plate,* — the 'plate' 

and credit, that ho aubmitted his Life of Henry the VII, 
to hia perusal und an i mad versions : and tho respect and 
value irhich tho Lord Brooke expressed for the said pcr- 
foimaDce upon hia return of it. U preserved hy tho said 
Lord BacoD's Chaplain, id the short account he has given 
of him [Dr. William Eawlcy's Life of tho Lord Bacon, 
Lefbre hia Works, folio 1670]. In Eastor-Term, 161S, an 
infonnntioQ being auhmittad by Sir Henry Yelverton, 
Attorney -General, in the Star-Chamber, against one 
Wraynam, for hia libellous defamations of the said Lord- 
Chancellor Bacon ; the Lord Brooke and other Lords of 
the Council there present, did all censure the said unwar- 
rantable accuser, in support of the noble character that 
was so injuriously treated ; as by his, and their several 
specehns mrty appear. [In a VinilicatioD of tho Lonl- 
Chancctlor Bacou from tho aspersions of injustice cast 
upon him by Mr. Wraynham, &c. (first published from 
tho MS by W. O. rrinted for J. Peel in Paternost^^r 
Kow, Bto 172.5, p. 37, Ac] See also Wronhum's case in 
Pophnm's Iti-ports, 2nd edition, fol. 1582, p. 137- And 
long after the suid Lonl Chanceltor'H fall, even in the last 




MEMORIAL-INTKODUCTIOX. IxXXV. 

nothing however, compared with his acknowledg- 
ment in ** Britannia" under Warwickshire, thus : 
** this Sir Fulke Grevil dotli so entirely devote 
himself to the study of real vertue and honour, 
that the nobleness of his mind far excels that 
of his birth ; for whose extraordinary favours, 
though I must despair of making suitable returns, 
yet whether speaking or silent, I must euer pre- 
serve a grateful remembrance of them," The 
indefatigable John Speed thus gratefully ac- 
knowledged his indebtedness to him : ** whose 
merits to me-wards, I do acknowledge in setting 
this hand free from the daily employment of a 
manual trade, and giving it full liberty thus to 
follow the inclination of my mind, himself being 
the procurer of my present estate."* Having 
instituted a Professor of History chair at Cam- 
bridge, he gave it first to the celebrated Dori- 



to beg for a bottle of his btor, when ho could not relish 
that which was provided for the Commons in tho said 
Inn. [Arthur Wilson's life of James I. fol. 1653 : anno 
1621.] pp. 2400—1 : note K. 
9 Wood's Athena), II. 342. 

♦ Ibid, 348. 

* Speed's " Prospects of the most famous piirts of the 
World, fol. 1646. p. 63. 



Ixxxvi. MEitoBrAi-iNTKOtirrTcos. 

SLAus of Ilollund.' To him Dr. JoUn Gvcrall 
was indebted for buing miide ))can of St. Paul's,' 
The poets Saul-el Dasiel, Hksry Lok, Jou\ 
Uaties of Herefonl, Richauh Flecksok and Bishop 
CoLBET severally addressed words of ' golden 



' This Ilislorj-Letturo, Bakur (Hi.st. of St. John's, i , 
212) speaka of as 'lost by tho iniquity of tho times " lito 
the SuxoD lecture fouodcil by iJiH'ImnD, and other things 
ottha same tiiiii. Baker died iu 1710. But Carter in his 
History of Cambridge, (17fi3) at p. -Is9 has tho following 
paiagrupb ; " Hintucy Professors. Foumlpd by Fulk 
Grcvile, Lord Brooke, knight of tho Butb, with a salary of 
lOnl per onii. I. Isaac Dorislaus, LL.D., of Trinity 
Coll<'g>', (I think) ; he was killed in UoUiuid in 1619 by a 
party ot RoyiUiBta, for boing ao deeply engaged in tho 
uiiinlor of K. Charles I. Hu nns Envoy ut thu Hague 
for the Pari. 2. 3. i. Dr. Gcui^e, Canon of Carlislo. 
4. Dr. Holmes. 173(!. But whether it has quito fiiiltd, 
and by what means I euniiot find. ;tly friend Mr. W. A. 
Wright, ai before, has forwarded mo an extract about 
this Ilist'iTy Lecture fiuio tho C-utuloguc of Baker MSS 




MEMOKIAL-IMKODrCTIOX. IxXXvii. 

praise* to him.* The Soxxet of Lok — a very 
remarkable type of Poet — occurs in his ** Svndiy 
Christian Passions contained in Two Hundred 
Sonnets" which follow his " Ecclesiastes" ^1597). 
From its own merit, and the extreme raritv of 
the book wherein it b found, I select it for quota- 
tion here : 

** To the vertuous gentleman Fulko CJreuill Esquire. 

Who can of learning treat, and you forget ? 

Who may of vertue txdke, and you neglect I*^ 

'VTho would true fisime from your due praises let ? 

Who should not— knowing you — your love affV.'ct ? 
I therefore forc6d am in this respect. 

To offer publikely for you, to reed 

The thing the which vncrau'd you would protect, 

If — by malignor*8 blame — it stood in need : 
In diaersc, diuersely this worke will breed 

I know ; an humor in the censurer's braine ; 

The wisest, on the best contents will feed ; 

The curious — for some scapes — count all but vaine : 
But of the better sort true prayso must grow ; 
The prayse of some as meere disprayse I know.'** 

Sir William Davexant, when a young man, was 
* received ' into Lobd Bkooke*s household : and 



' I give in Introductory Note to '*Mustapha" these 
rarioos tributes to Lord Brooke. See our Volume Illtl* 
' This is the 3dth Sonnet. 



Ixxxviii. jiEMOBiAL-iNTKODrcTios, 

the atuilent of " Gondibert " diaccnia the influence 
of the Master on his scholar in that great- 
thoughted poem.' 

Thus vaiiously and pleasantly related to the 
Past, and to tlio rising generation, onr Worthy 
passed beyond the " three score ycare and ten '' and 
had every prospect of (|Hielly, serenely attaining 
" by reasion of strength " the " four score years." 
But a crazed "antient seirant" of the name of 
Haywood, finding that he was not named in his 
Master's Will, stobhcd him in the hack with a 
knife and then in a frenzy slew himself. This 
tragic event took place in September, 1628, in his 
own residence of Brook-house, Holbom, London. 
And BO " he died ", in a good old age.' He had 
erected for himself in St. Mary's Chnrch, Warwick, 
a stutdy if somewhat hearsc-likc Monument : and 
there he "sleeps well." The insciiption, of his 
own composition is still to be read, as follows:' 




MEMOBIAL-INTKODUCTION. IxXXIX.. 

irblkt (Srcbill 

Sinbzxd ia (^nttnt €Ihairt]^ 

€onctUtx io lling $nmt% 

^xtnb ia Siix $|rili{f S^itmtjsi, 

The meaning of * trophoeum peccati ' has been 
thought obscure. Julius Lloyd, M.A., in his Life 
of Sir Philip Sidxet interprets it as meaning * an 
honourable friendship is a trophy which holds up 
one's faults to reproof ' : and ho recals ** In 
Memoriam ". 

" All these have been, and thee mine eyes, 
Have look'd on : if they looVd in vain, 
My shame is greater who remain. 

Nor let thy wisdom make mo wise.*** 

But surely this is putting a meaning into rather 
than giving the meaning itself, which seems 
simply to be * The trophy [or memorial] of sin, ' 
which the grave is till the Resurrection. It 

of Warwickshire ", recently issued by a Warwick pub- 
lisher, it is incorrectly given : and the Notices or Memoirs 
theifan of the Grevilles— including our Lord Brooke— are 
discreditably meag^ and blundering, shewing not jot or 
tittle of original research. 
i pp 60—51. 

/ 



XC. HEMOKIAL-I.VTBODDCnOX. 

reminds us of Robert firsTON's " Fautit notm ", 
and later, of VAronis's " Peecaior maximus", and 
■Washbourbe's " Primui pteealorum ". 

Martin Peebbon in his "Mottecta or Grave Cham- 
ber llvsique" (1630), hus a " ilourning Song " 
on the BoiTowM death. The words are more 
pkintive than poetic, more loving than mem- 
orable ; but they elaim preservation here— uU the 
more that the copy in the British Kuseum imd 
another in the renowned Library of Britwell are 
the only ones known te survive : 
I. 
" Wbore ehtill a. Borroir great onouj^h be aonght 
For this sad ruine whicb tlie Yates hauo ivruiij;ht : 
Vnlcsae the Fates themselvca should wcepoand vuh 
Their curblcwe powere hod been coutrol'd in this f 
For thy loasc, worthiest Lord, no mouming eyn 
Has flood enough : no Mubo, nor elngie 
Enough ciprcsseioa to thy worth can lend; 
No, though thj Sidney hail lumiu'd his &iend. 




MEMORLir-nrrBODrcnoj. xci 

The ligbt has its shadow, and the larger the mass 
of light the greater the breadth of shadow : and 
80 a contemporary epitaph-elesnr by sojzff contem- 
porary rhymster has been brought forth from its 
obscnntT, afresh to shmder the Tenerable and 
radiant memonr of our Worthr. As in dutv 

• • « 

bound, pel haps, I will f»lace it in onr Apj>en'iix : 
but I must beg the H^-ader of the piiinble as 
malignant doggerel to remember that sTieh libels 
on the gre-at dead hjivc bw-n unhippily too 
common, and also to note spt^-i'^y, that among 
the British Museum MSS., there is pr<.'?erTel a 
defence of HaywooJ jiot Ilowarfl as in Ejdiaphj 
the murdenr of his lord: 'A<Idl. M.SS., 48^59, 
art. 27 : quoted in B. B.' and most probably from 
the same pen. It looks as tbojj:b tLe iLyming 
cn-ature had been thinking of th'.- eruli^rr * mur- 
derer ' no/ murJernl Gkettlle of Mi] cote. Be 
this as it mar. the whole fa^.ts of hi'* Li:e e^ i k nee 



• British Bibli...gnplKr * YjI 1 1, pj. 321-2. Th- • Mot- 
ttcXB' i§ dK^diatlffl Uj K-^berL L-.ri Brv/ir^, who f*.-li in 
Lichfield ft* ereiy one mho kt^w* the Li?v;rv ci iL': lisne 
ranemben. Very pitiable is La-ii * ^1*.-^ oxfrT the death, 
aooe the Usu that it rests on a bas^ of sa;*em::ioQ 2i::»:ng 
hielf at Cfarutianity ; mad tcaxx^ely le&» depjorable Sir 
Walter Soott'i words on the aori'lent in Maimi'n. 



XCU. MEHOBIAL-IKTBODUCnoX. 

that BO far from having been niggardly and pcnti- 
rions, LoHD BeooKEwas generous and open-handed 
to lavishnesa. Yot ia ' miserliness ' the burden 
of this epitaph- scribbler !' 

In an Essay prefixed to our second rolume of 
the Works, I give in full, my high but I believe 
just, estimate of Lord Brooek as a TniKKEK 
and a Poet. Thither I refer my Readers, 
if they tindly please, Summniiiy it may be 
remarked here, that until the mutcrials bilieved 
still to be estant in tlie archives of the present 
representatives of the Family — in its various 
branches — are brought forth, justice cannot be 
done to this noble, true, pure, potential Life, at 
England's greatest. If my words might hope to 
reach these descendants and custodiers, I would 
in the interest of our national History, in the in- 
terest of our national Literature, in the interest of 
their own truest gloiy, and in discharge of a 
responsibility inevitable by possession, appeal to 




MEMORIAL-IXTRODUCTIOX. XCIU. 

indulge a hope that among the Family-papers of 
tliis great Wartcickuhire House letters and other 
Memorials of Shaecspeark himself an^ lying all 
undreamed of. It seems to me an incredible thing 
that one so intellectually and not merely tastefully 
literary and a near neighbour, held no intercourse 
with the foremost man of all Time. 

Looking at the portraits of Lord Brooke — 
repeatedly reproduced in engraving — you recog- 
nize instantly a * king of men *. The square, 
domed forehead is in truth a very * palace of the 
soul ', where as William Hunnis in the ** Pura- 
dyse of Dainty Devises " sang, 

"Thought hath thrild and throwne hifj spearea" : 

the eyes are large, lustrous, skyey, burdened, 
even sad; the lips seem to me extraordinary 
in their evident mobility and strength and mirth ; 
the chin is fine ; the whole head wearing its silver 
crown of **gray hairs'*, and gij-t as it is with 
ancient quaintness of dress, intellectual, heroic, 
and yet gentle. 

His Works I take to be merest playthings com- 
pared with what he could have produced. Per- 
chance he disdained more — disdained deliberate 
literary service. Be this as it may, the more I 
study that Face and these " Remaines " the more I 

9 



xnV. MEMORiAI^IN'TBODUCnOIT. 

feel tliatiiotliiii<r c-iMilil Imvc been impossible to: 
limiii so H-iili; mill strong, so compacted am 
vi|ril]mt, .10 thorough ar.il radiant, spite of tb 
l[o9i's-lik(^, *' stiimiiiering lips," 

ALEXANDER B. GROSART. 

St. (icorfp''s, llliickbum, r,flncashire. 



.ippmiix. 



A : THE MURDER OF LORI» BRiHlKE : 

U' Vaimrnff lad It^arx^ed ntca : ^sd masy of ibtvn bftTe xic4 

oaJj sar^Oj ofcitl*nd«»i Li*- exoeliem f»eii<*i- szid inxTt^Tiilx, 

\*vx cr>s<H*BTiT »ixn:»wl€^dr^i Li* extra :»ri2i: My lil»tTklitr 

tcriTfcra* azkd pasrjOULg^ of them, in the- Qeiicali»:»n of 

Vxikf izkd |*Cf£sns aad cither H^erkrT k&ikoiirs thcj joSd 

iim . "wijcii mitkei it tLt rDr-re Fnrtoiriii^ tiii; tht- s&m<' 

tt-^c'-TTiin k nua of «acl: i^orif as ouii relish aiad c)jvi^*ii 

lb'i!<e wiio were ei/d'.w<^ with the 1»est ; a man ai*o of 

fS/M afliKSioe and irt'tTt::*:!. &« to rain thr <si<«t^xn and 

f' iCTiTTifziiaia jgtf if s*C' manT ij>^. ii5...u?. jteT^'.»ri> al'iv»ad. so 

mMi^y Lnaaik KTrai.!* witL-'u: d • rs. f--r hi* lrit.niiy 

rr»2i5i^'j(a* co- jire-lvriDfiit tf th'.n. >Lv'ali hi !a5i iaU a 

fluriSoc to thv ii*c-tri*«*id ar.i Ti...]t-r.: L^nd vf a .!:>(.•♦■: -n- 

t«iteii and xric-rta! eaemx at h:.n-iv, V'--:.-i2.e he h^i f^rvfd 

hzxn faluJiilir i.:«r ntanT Tt^rs. with u: &r.v r-Tich x> ward 

i«r |«ri»^»rft of ] riviaoii. a^ wmi^J Si5:-r: him a Cv'Tn;-l'i:i 

»li^i<jLnoe, if hL* ]ori*hip ^hvu":d -iiv t»vf>r- him. a> thv 

muA fjirly and aulLtjiiic a.xx-iml* ■whiih hivt l-.ta julr- 

IttLod 'jtf this iata] tT.^ijl SLreo-jn.iD<.iiuY inl-qT-.tvi ; which 

inform u*. that hi* l-ii^hi:- Dc-r.-xlir.^ (-r •!• Idvi'.j^ lo 

rewmrl "n-e Mr. Rai:i«h Hn}»»»J — { r iLai uju-i hi« 



CTl. iPPENDrX. 

ChriBtian aamc as it in rcmiMnhoroJ in oac nuthor [Mr. 
Richard Smith's Obitunrj in Kr. Peck's DuBidcrata 
Cnriosa. folio, 1732 : lib liv. p 12] — an anticnt sorranl 
who had spent the greatMt part of hja timo in attenduneo 
upon him, and expostulating thereupon with his lord, ivaa 
K) eavcrely reproved for the same, that tho saLxl Haywood 
being then with him in his lordsliip's bed-chamber, at 
Brook-house in Holbom. gave him a muKal Btab in tho 
back with a knite, on tho first if ScptemUT, 1628, and 
with tho same knife Blabbed himself, aa \a tho la.it qootfl 
author it is eipnased. Another Hnys. that it waa on the 
thirtiath of September the same year, that his lordship 
«s« stabbed [Dugdale'B Warwickshire-, as above] ; and 
another, not mentioning the day ho reu-'ivud the wound, 
Bgreea with the gciiorality, that it was on this day he 
died in that year, bcini- agt-J soveuty-four yosrs 
[Athen. Oxon. Vol. I. eol. 6'J2 in the life of Ixird Brook] : 
and both of them imply that tho weapon whun'with the 
mnrdcr was committed, whs a sword, with which the 
asBoasin having withdrawn, and locked himself into 
another room, to compleat tho bloody sceoB, murdered 
bimseir, making his own baud the ciecationer of justiee, 
and death bis choice, which should have been his punish- 
ment [lanRbaino'B Dramatic Pouts, 4to. in hia account (.f 




whole of his estalc upon his cousin Robert Grcvils nforc- 
mvi, by hia Inst wiU and testamenl, ha nxtcuteil the umo 
on the cightronth of Fehnuiry foregoing-, whith wmi 
witneiseil bj soreral gentlrmcii tbon in his aerrico, amoag 
whom wna thia Huywood. And iiiae montlu after, a 
codicil waa iidded, wharmn unnuilicB were gtnnted tu 
tbu«e gentlumen bat Huywood omitted, which mado him 
loient the neglcKit of him to Buah a degree, as [iroduccd 
Uin varm eipoatuUtian between thom. vith tho tragcilj 
of hnth befom ninnlioned. Before he died, bis lordshiii 
unlorud knather ihort codidl to bii ttdded to his wiU, in 
which hu lefl handiHHDu lc(noi°* to the tmrgoons and 
othen irho atti^ad him on this oconsion. [Mr. CollinB., 
in hia account of the Greviltw iw before, p 32, S3]. A 
rvliinrk ur two inoni ujioa this unlurtanate catastrophe, 
Ke ahall remit to the bottom of tllo I>»go." These addi- 
tional remarks arc in note L lu fuUoWB, riad lu atntcd in 
our pre&toty note fumidl a probable cxplan ation of the 
omculltd pBgM in lbs (olio uf 1633. 
*' A remark or two njors uptm this unfurtunato eatns- 

tniplui And first there seems mason to 

suitpect tlmt the knowiudgo □( this murder, or tho moat 
jircTntling mutiva la it, h'u been uudMvuurcd lo be eon- 
emlcd fhiiu llio publiu and iKwtarily. When tho hrst 
cilleotion of hia Ibrdahip's poetitAl works was Brut pub- 
lished in folio, a* is heforc obserred, so soon aftvr hi« 
dnuli HA Hre yeiif*, it might rvacuaably be expeoled that 
deJIeaiioo, account of tho antlior'a UCi, or profbiCD, would 
have H]ipnrnl before tbom, in whtiJi the nld murder, and 
Uiotrucmotivoitiitl, might be moruoeouratol; nndfiartivu- 
larly rolatrd thou we have lODce hBdlhuni : audau perhniis 



tboy were ; for we have frequently obBcrrod, in at least 
tea or adtaea copies of that folio volume, and some of thon 
printed on latgo paper, bound in Turkey leathar, and moat 
richly adorned with gold, and most frenhly, fairly, and 
choicely pccservod, that they areall imperfect, and deprived 
or mutilated of whatever introduction they had to them. 
For after the contents of tho voluma, which are printed 
on tho liack of tho title page, we jump at onco to qudiIkt 
'23 at tha top of the next page, where tho lin<t poem begins, 
and the signature d at the bottom of it ; so that by 
both testimonies, there are twenty-two pages maaifestly 
wanting. And as no author who has wrote of this noble- 
man or his writings, has hitherto taken any notice of, or 
made any romurka upon this deficiency, wo must, till wo 
have some bcttec light to guido or help us to account for 
it, follow such Hs occurs from tho moat mtional probability 
that there was soma prirste discovery too cxproMly men- 
tioned for tho pcrosal of the public, therefore that his 
lonlahip's cxccutom, relations £c., obliged tho publisher to 
castrate such prefatory diacourscs, and suppress the some." 
Tho further rnmarlis consist of quotations from a Manus- 
cript on " dependents " and " mn.tters " pointing a ' moral ' 
from Lord Brooke's neglect, or as it is called ' parccmoni- 
OUB ' treatment of Hay wood. It is not worthwhile producing 
tho thing here, but ns stated at IliO clo»e of our llemoir 




APPENDIX. XCIX. 

^fanuscript were in all probalility one. See the Epitaph 
in this Appendix below. 

I add from the Pulman MSS., C.'C. C. Oxon. 307. B. 
2. 13, folios 59 to 60 the following, which determines on 
the authority of *' near relations " that stabbed on the 1st 
of September, Lord Brooke lingered on to the 30th of Sep- 
tember : ** He was wounded the first of September, as I 
have heard from his nccr relations, and dyed the last of 
that month, mcdxxviii. His body, embalmed and wrapt 
in lead was carried to Warwick, and there solemnly in- 
terred in a vault on the north side of St. Marie's^ in a faire 
roome, formerly the Chapter house, where he bad erected 
a stately monument.*' 



B : EPITAPH-LINES UPON THE DEATH 
OF FULKE GKEVILLE, LORD BROOKE. 

Reader, I'll be sworn upon a book, 

Here lies Right ugly the Lord Brook, 

Who, as I have a soul to save. 

Did not deserve to have a grave ! 

For, would I might nouer go further, 

He was accuficd of a horrible murthor, 

Because 'twas thought ho began 

To kill one Kiilph Howard his man, 

Which for my part, by God's lid, 

I believe he never did. 

ni-natured he was, else let me never wag ; 

For he was never known to lend his friend a nag ; 



And, would I might acver stir inon>, 

But for apcading he would have lain with a wliore ; 

Anil 'twould make a man verj- sitk 

To think huw ill ho rewarded hia music. 

So costive his was, and wary in thrift, 

He would Dot help his iricutt at a d<.-ud lift ; 

Nay, there be huge company think 

He wrote down few legacioe for saving of ink. 

He called bin executor rogauiuQin 

P'or being [bo] expensive to buy a new coffin : 

For I pray, quoth be, to what intent? 

Should the Wi>nn9 be well hou-sod that never pay re 

And by Ihis light, same light that ahinea, 

He thought it aimplo to pay tithcfl to divines ; 

And when be waa to depart, he disputed at large 

Whether hia aoul might travel without charge : 

And just as hia soul waH about to be gone, 

'(Tanao com was dear, he ate brown bread at tl 

Communion. 
To save fuggota in winter, by Dragon and Bell, 
Moat are of opinion he went to Hell. 
TVell would 1 might novnr stir out of thia room. 
He'll be very mulunchuly at the day of doom. 




^t Moth oC 



V L. I . 



fioit. 

The Poems uf Monarch}' formaconw-TDtivi- Bcrics, and art 
the moflt ex.ton8iTe of Lobd Buookb'b writings. Tbay 
luem therefore to claim a place of faoncnr in Vol Ist. The 
foUowiog ia the title-page of the volume whence thcBS 
Foema are derived : 



REMAINS 



Kir FUlS G&EVILL 
Lord Bi-oakc : 




:^?^^^^m^!m 



In ^tiOcrtiscmciit. 



gllE Author liaving dedicotril all his 
iimumcnts to the memory of Sir Philip 
liiiney — whose Life lie did write as an 
tntcmkd Prt-fin'C to these : — it will not be fit to 
add any other tlien a brief Advertisement to 
aci^iuuDt the Reader, he was that Sir Fulk Grerill 
whose noble line by raatches with the honourable 
families of Nevil, Beaucbamp, and Willoughby 
I^rd Brooke make f^ooii the observation nf hered- 
itary adTantage!>, of mind as well as body, fay 
dc8ce<its purely derived from noble ancestors ; 
the eicellency of his qiialitiea rendring him an 
eminent ceurtier in Queen Elizabeth's rtiign, and 
in King James's time, under whom he liud the 
hunourablo emploimentB of Cluincellour of the 
Exche<[ncr nnd Privy Councellcr, and was by 
lA'tters- Patent of that King, in consideration of 
adTieea done to the crown, made Lord Brooke ; 
to the title of which Baiony by descent from 
Willoufhby he had right: ond having always 



IDYEBTISKVENT. 

lived a batchclor — which was no small advantago 
to the fret-dom of his mind — he died in the scventy- 
fourth ycai of his age, akx. dou. 1C28, hnving 
buen also Counsellor of State for about three 
yoars to Sing Charles the First. 

When he grew old, he rcriscd the Poems and 
Treatises he had writ loug bc-forc, and at his 
death committed them to hin friend Mr. Slicbael 
Unlet, an aged gcntltmoii in whom be most con- 
fided, who intended what the Author purposed, 
to have hod them printed altogether; but by 
copies of some parts of them which happened 
in other hands, some of them came first abroad, 
each of hia Works having had their fate, as they 
singly merit particular esteem ; so to come into the 
World at several times : he to whom they weru 
first delivered being dead, the trust of these re- 
maining pieces devolved on Sir J. M., who hath 
given me the Licensed Coppy of them : and that 
the Header may be more fully infonncd of the 
Author and his Writings, and how they are 




1 


^^ 


^ 




1^^^^^^^^ 


^1 




^ treatise of ittoiiarcliP. 


H 


[ 1 


OF THE HEGIKNIKG OF MUNARCHIK. 
SECT. I. 

•in^HEKE was a time Lcfort tlio timoa of Story 

cSl When Nature rai^'d instead of Laws 

i^ orArU, 

Vnd mortal go^Is, with men moAe up the glory 

)f one Repnbliek by united hearts. 
Earth was the common seat, their conversation' 
In saving love, and oiir's in adoration. 

2. 

7oT in those polden days, with Nature's chains 
iolh King and People fleom'd conjoyn'd in one ; 
Joth nurst alike, with mutual feeding veins, 


1 


^^^H» 1 lUnner of lif-- or ■ ■wilk ' : bco Ut. W. A Wriglit'i 
^^^B Bibla Word-Booh, u before. U. 


J 



•6 OP THE BEODTKINa 

Princes with men naiug no other arts 
But by good deuliog to obtain good hcarta. 

3. 
Power then maintaind it self even by those arta 
By which it grew : as Jnstico, Labor, Love ; 
Reserved sweetness did it self impart 
Even unto slaves, yet kept it self above. 
And by a meet descending to the least, 
Enviless awayd and govcm'd all the rest. 

4. 

Order there equal was ; Time courts ordain'd 
To hear, to judge, to execute, and make 
Few and good rules, for all griefs that complain'd : 
Such core did princes of their people take 
Before this art of Power allay'd' the Truth : 
So glorious of Man's greatness is the youth. 



What wonder was it then if thpso thrones found 
Thanks as exorbitant, as was their merit? 




OF MOXABCHT. / 

6. 

And shall it error, nay impiety 
In heathen souls be thought to recompenee 
The absent with immortal memory, 
Goodness with praise, and benefit with sence ? 
Or rather such a golden natur'd vein 
As in the World might golden days maintain. 

7. 

For where should thankful ingenuity* 
Think the fear-thundring scepter fit to rest. 
With Knowledfije, Vertue, and Felicity, 
But in mild Jupiter's well-doing brest ? 

(Jr where but in Olympus, heaven to be ? 

Which was his dwelling place in Thessaly. 

8. 

And if departed souls must rise again 
Severely to become examined, 
And bide the judgement of reward or pain : 
What chancclors seem fitter for the dead, 

Then Rhadamanthus and stern Minos were ? 

True types of Justice while they lived here : 

9. 
Thus Kings may see, while greatness did descend, 

* iDgcnuousncss. G. 



8 or THE BGGIiCIINU 

And care u &r spread as authority, 
Once did restrain and disgrace did amend, 
The vice was hatefiiL and the majesty 
Of Justice held up for a common good : 
A work by Kings and men well und<:rstood. 

10. 

Kings creatures' then were no rain favorites 
But guardians of the poor, eyes of the Crown ; 
Lest height of place should ovtiraee the right 
And help the proud to pnll the humble down ; 
All laws like cobwebs, catching little flien 
Bnt never gn?at ones without Princes' eyes. 

11. 

Uuder £uristns,' that brave prince of Qrecce, 
No Fallos, no Narcissua delicate 
Were miniuns : whose lusts did the people fleece, 
Nor could sufficed be with Midas' state ; 

And whose effeminate unaetivonesa 

To make themselves great, still made scepters less. 




OK MOXARCHT. 9 

12. 

But Hercules a brave laborious spirit, 
Who having freed Greece from home-tyranny 
As bom of more then his own soyl to mcirit, 
Was sent to purge the Earth's iniquity : 
Egypt of Busyre, Diomedes of Thrace, 
Italy of Cacus,* Spain of Gerion*s Race : 

13. 

Nor could a goddess' spite — which Juno veils 
Under emploiment*s specious pretences : — 
Change Nature, or make true worth strike her 

sails. 
One god appeasing other gods offences, 

When she that by his labour sought his doom 
There made him trophies, where she meant his 
tomb. 

14. 

Yet did he raise no pyramis' for pain 

But his Republick s good, his master's fame ; 

As thinking selihess^ but a trivial gain 

^ Misprinted * Caius ' : all these names are familiar. G. 

' Pyramid : see our Phineas Fletcher for examples : 
iv., 419. G. 

' A noticeable word recently revived in philosophy. 
So St. 19th and ISlst. G. 



10 OF THE BEOIN.SIHO 

To him that builds an universal frame ; 

No trophies fit for worth, but love and praise 
Which shadow-like still follow active rays 

IS. 

Jason' again — who serr'd Thcssalia's king — 
UTiat else did ho affect' from dangers past, 
When he the fleece of Colchos' home did bring, 
Then in the rolls of large time to bo plac't, 
For undertakiug passages unknown, 
Through which the wealth of many States hi 
grown? 



Kow whilst Pow'r did thus really proceed 
Not on advantage, humour, slight" or will, 
Her zeal with honour miit puaz'd' every deed ; 
Time did not yet cnclinc to mask her ill ; 

Words grew in hearts, men's hearts were large 
and free, 

Bondage had then not brought in flatter)-. 




OF MONAECHY. H 

17. 

But by decree of Fate this corporation 
Is altered since, and Earth's fair globe miscanied, 
Man's craft, above these gods in estimation, 
And by it Wisdome's constant standard varied ; 
Whereby the sway of many years are gone 
Since any godhead rul'd an earthly throne. 

18. 

Whether it were man's false pygmean* wit 
Captiving Envy, or the giant* s pride, 
Which forc*t these Worthies to abandon it 
I know not ; but some disproportion' d tyde 

Of Time's self-humours hath that commerce 

drownd 
To which this image shews those times were 
bound. 

19. 

And when those golden days were once expired 
Time straight claim'd her succession in the brass,^ 
And to her ends new instruments inspired, 
With narrow selfness staining all that was : 

^ The allusion is to the war of the ^ Giants and pyg. 
mics.* G. 



f THE BEctNrtn 



Power still aftuets mate inequality, 

Which mtidc mankind more curious to b« fi*ee. 



Dividod thus, kings quit their Father's hand 
In gOTorament, which mea did earst ndore ; 
Pooplo ugain by number aonght to stand. 
And Bcora'd that power which eurst they did 

(kKMlnt'ssj^'s from the Earth, and gnmtncss too, 
In will, fear, cruft, men forming idl they do. 



llt-nco these gods tir'd with neighborlrss deceit 
Have niis'd their thrones above mortality 
And ohang'd their sweet aspects with sour rrtreat. 
Whence all things blest before now blasted be 
With tempests, earthquakes, fire, and thunder's 

Shewing and threatening man's corrupting 




OF MONARCHY. 13 

Water dissolve, or stroke of hammer waste : 
No native motion, law or violence, 
Fashion his hard heart to an humble sence. 

23. 

But that he should still grudge at Government, 

Scorn mercy, yet rebel at tyranny, 

Repine at discipline, rest discontent 

Both with his equals and authority ; 

As in whom pow'r might without goodness be, 
And bare subjection without loyalty. 

24. 

In which confused state of declination* 

Left by these gods, mankind was forc't to trust 

Those light thoughts which were molds of his 

privation 
And scorning equals, raise a soveraign' must ; 
For Frailty with it self grown discontent, 
"Wardlike must live in others' government. 

25. 

Man then repine not at the boundless Kings, 
Since you endure the fate of your fore-fathers. 



* Decline. G. 

• Misprinted *»overiuj^i'. G. 



14 OF tuf. BEoiKKiNe 

To whom God did foretell, on humane wings 
How Inequality once rais'd still gathers ; 

Their choice offended Him,' please you it must 
Whose drega still in you, on you, make it just. 



Princes again, o'er-raek not your creation. 
Lest pow'r return to that vhcnce it began. 
But keep up scepters by that reputation 
Which raiiii^d one to rule this world of man ; 
Order makes us the body, you the head, 
And by disorder Anurchy is bred. 

27. 

I-et each then know hy equal estimation, 
Tbut in bis frail freehold of flesh and bluud, 
Nature her self declines unto privation, 
As mixt of real ill and seeming good; 
And where man's best estate is such a strife, 
Can Order there be permanent in life ? 




OF MOXAKCHT. 15 

Oast him into a throne or subject's mould, 
The function cannot take away this touch ; 
Since neither what he ought, or can, or would, 
Both king and man perplexed are in state, 
Improve their ends, and set no other rate. 

29. 

In which imperfect temper, expectation 

Proves unto each a perverse enemy ; 

Whilst Pow'r with soveraign partial contempla- 
tion 

Aims at ideas of authority 

More absolute then God Himself requires, 
Who of us, onely what He gives, desires. 

30. 

Again, while People do expect from kings 

Such a protecting popularity 

As gives, forgives, intends no other things 

But in a crown a common slave to be ; 
Thus over- valuing each estate too farre 
Makes both full of misprision' as they are. 

31. 

In judging other then, let either know 



' Contcmi)t = treason. G. 



16 07 THE BEOIHIIIKG 

As they are men, they are a mean' creation 
Betwixt the Heavtn above and Hell below, 

No more desen'ing hate, then adoration : 

Equal in some things are the great'st and leas 
One disproportion must not drown the rest. 

32. 

The odds to be examined then is Plice, 
What that doth challenge, what again it owes, 
Not peazing these in dainty Bealea of grace 
Where pure simplicity tat wisdom goes ; 

Or rain ideas formed is the air, 

To self- imagination onely fair. 



But in the World as thrones now moulded are 
By chance, choice, practice, birth, or martial awe, 
Where laws and custome doe prescribe how far, 
Either the king or subject ought to draw 
These mutual ties of duty, lore, or fear 

To Ml( 




OF MONAKCUY. 17 

Where that well happy mixt* and confluence 

Of earthly and celestial reflection, 

Should wear the publick in the private good, 
And to protect both, govern flesh and blood. 

35. 

Vet, since election doth resign to birth, 
True worth to chance, brave industry to blood, 
Nature to art ; and force command the Earth, 
That native commerce' which wrought mutual 
good 
'Twixt crowns and men, was soon exil'd from 

hence, 
And we like beasts left no right but in sence. 

36. 

To fortifv which confident rais'd throne 
And keep mankind with it in unity. 
The wit of Pow'r cannot suffice alone ; 
Man is not strong to bind humanity, 

Therefore abov<* man, they that would man 
bound 

Still s<jught iifUK' shews of everlasting ground. 



* =^ mixtiirr. (;. 2 Iiit**rcoun»c. G 



Hiiuco wus Pow'rs zenith rnieed up, and fi\t 
UpoD thu base of eupcrstitioiis rights, 
Whose Tiaions with the Truth and Error mixt 
Mnke humane wisdomea yet Bccm infinite, 
By giving vain opinion — bom of sencL — 
Falsly the sacred atilc of conscience. 



For as by optick repercussions here 

The light with shadows mixt, makes scnce miblahc. 

Whereby the less oft greater doth appear, 

Creating Castor god for Pollux sake ; 
And as the rainbow but a shadow being, 
]ly shadows forms another to our seeing. 



So from the mirror of these visions 




OK MONARCUY. 19 

40. 

Now if from these dumb shadows there break out 
Light to shew thrones are not indefinite ; 
In true Religion's cleer beams who can doubt 
But that Pow'b bounded is with wrong and right, 
The Infinite in Wisdom drawing down 
The will of tyrants to the laws of crown. 

41. 

Wherein that other superstitious sphere 
Chance, and Opinion's nimble idols raign, 
Racking up tributes out of Hope and Fear, 
By which weak mankind lose, strong scepters gain ; 
As where no limits be to Pow'e or will, 
Nor true distinction between good and ill. 

42. 

So then when man beholds this boundless sea 
Of Will, and no shear letl to shew her streams, 
He straight boleeves thoughts may sail every way 
Till Powr's contrary winds disperse these dreams ; 
And make men see their freedom bound so fast, 
As it of no forbidden fruit dare taste. 

43. 

Yet happily had man not thus been bounded 



20 OF THE BgGI5NIK0 OP VONARCBT. 

With humane wresU,' aa well as moiiMs diriiic, 
Ho in his pasaions must have boun confoundcil, 
Desire in him is such an eadless mine. 

Eve wouhl have Adam been, man kings, Icinfts 

Till such destruction fall aa fell before. 
44. 
Therefore if Pow'n within these scepter lines 
Could keep, and give as it would be repaid, 
These mutual fed, and mutual feeding mines 
Would still enrich, could hardly be decayd ; 
For Chance gives mutual confidence a bliss , 
And Ood helps those frames, which shew likeiit 
Hia. 



Besides this Activeness it self maintains, 
And rather then live idle, can do ill ; 
Those images it raiaetb in our brains 
Having alliance not with Truth, but will, 




ilccUnatiou' of ittonarchij. 




To VIOLEIs^CE. 
SECT. II. 

46. 

|0\V though the World on the excentiicks be 
Fashion'd to move, and ballance her own 
weight, 

Not much enclining to obliquity. 
Yet is her ruler Max — through self-conceit, 
Violence of pride, fate of corruption — 
Apt to give all her best works interruption. 

47. 

For since Religion's name, not Nature, came 
To rule, those ancient foraiing pow'rs gave place. 
The stile of conscience over- weighing fame, 
And reason yielding up her soveraign mace 

Unto those lively pictures which produce 

Unactive apparitions* of no use. 

* Decline, as before. G. * Appearances. G. 



Which change' straight wrought, but whs not 

straight way 3 found, 
Pow'r was so veil'd with formal laws and baits 
Under which stil! the infinite lay bound 
And man bewitcht with wits confused sleights. 
To make Pow'ra throne the idol of his heart 
Transforming zoal and nature into Art. 

49. 

So that without the guide of cloud or fire,= 
Man since sails fatal straights of Hope and Fear, 
In ebbs and flouds of travelling desires, 
Where what we hare to ua is never dear : 
Pow'r making men vainly, by ofTring more, 
Hope to redeem that state they had before, 

50. 

Henc« falls it out that silly people loose' 

Still by these thin webs of Authoiity ; 

Which they that spin, yet therefore cannot use, 




BECLINATIOX OF MOyA.llCHY. 23 

Within themselves, but so transcribed to crowns 
As they raise Pow'k by pulling Freedom down. 

ol. 

Thus by a credulous obedience, 
Mankind gave !Miglit a ground to build up more, 
Cooling and kindling his desire with sence. 
Even of such things as were his own before, 
Disease and Error meeting both in this 
That many follow where one rooted is. 

52. 

For thus imbas'd, we since want pow'r to tie 

Otheis to us, or us unto our own ; 

Our many passions serve to bind us by. 

And oar di>>frartions keep our strengths unknown. 

One holding that whirh others give away; 

The base, whereon all Tyuinnt doth stay. 

53. 

Hence came these false monarchal Councils in, 
And instruments of tyrants States apart, 
Wliich to their private from the publick win, 
While man becomes the matter, Pow'r the art ; 
Making obedience too indefinite 
An taxt with all the vanities of Might. 



DECLISiTIoy OF MOXAI 



The tcQurc i:hiing'il, Nntuie strHifht oliunj-M the 

For all the active apiritH follow Mi{;ht ; 

Ignorance baseness ; Negligence abuse ; 

InconHtancy iliannion, overaight ; 

Hy crowns to people so intnit'd nre they 
As no Ruhjection can put those awny. 

55. 

Whence neither makers now, nor nicmbi.'rs hi.'|il 
Men are, but blanks, where Pow'r doth write her 

lust 

A spriteless mass, which — for it cannot weld 

It self — at others' pleasure languish must, 

Rcsolro to suffer, and let Pow'r do all : 

Weakness in men, in children natnml. 




UECTJXATIOX OF 3I0NARCIIY. 2.> 

57- 

Ueligion, honour, Xature*s laws and nations 

All moulds derived from that groat gift transctn- 

dent, 
Thcso monsters stampt, or gave disestimation 
As they did find them their's or undependent ;' 
Left nothing certain here on Earth but will, 
And that yet never constant, for tis ill. 

58. 

Instance proud Mahomet when he propos'd 
The empire of this world to his ambition : 
Under God*8 name were not his acts dispos'd 
To change man's faith and freedom of condition ? 
The sacred dove whisp'ring into his ear 
That what his will impos'd, the World must 
fear. 

59. 

Unto Cambyses all his sages vowM 
That in their reading they of no law wust 
Which marriage with his sister had allowed, 
But that their monarch might do what he list ; 



^ Transitiou-form of ' iudependent.' O. 



26 DECUKATION OF UO.tAUCHT. 

Lie»t *i libel, and what be these other 
Then hellish words of Caracalla's mother. 



And (loth not our great capitoliiiQ lord' 

Use the some compass in each course he steers '. 

Are not those acts which ull estates discord ; 

As kings assasinatc, mutiny of peers 
Stirr'd up by him under pretence divine, 
To force those scepters he tnnnot encliiic ? 



Nay, hath he not a higher pitch attain 'd, 
A more compendious power of perswasion ? 
Having, since Phoebus and Cybele raigo'd, 
Hade himself such a trypode^ by occasion. 
As may not be cxamia'd or withstood, 
!Dut with a Godhead equally made good. 



Which crrora — like the hectick fcovcrs — be 




DECLINATION OF MONARCHY. 27 

So that where Pow'r prevents not this excess, 
Miters grow great, by making scepters less. 

63. 

Therefore did these proud Tyrants live awake. 
Careful to cancel all inferior rights, 
And in creations still keep pow'r to make, 
To fit each instrument^ and fashion spirits ; 
That as the head ideas rule the heart. 
So Pow'r might print her will in every part, 

64. 

Por active rulers seldom fail of means, 
Occasion, colour, and advantage too, 
To bind by force, by wit, by Custome's chains. 
And make th' oppressed souls content to woe :^ 
Fear suffering much, for fear to suffer more. 
As still by smart made greater then before. 

Knowing that men alike touch't never were. 
That divers sence works diversly in woe, 

* Misprinted * instruments * : and stanza 60 misnumbered 

90. a. 

« r= WOO. G. 



2R DECLiSATiox or iionarcht. 

The nimbkst wita buing still kept ilown by fcm- ; 

Dull wits not feeling neighbors" overtbrow ; 

The wise mistrUBt the weak, anil strivi: to beiir ; 

Thrones being strong, because men think thcni sa 
Yet mark at length how Error runs in roundn. 
And ever what it niiscth iin confounds. 



For when this Pow'r transcendent, grows secure 
Flattf^ring it self that all is made for one, 
Then Will, which nothing but itxelf endures 
And Pow'r that thinks it stiinils iind works alone, 
With an unsatiate pride and wunton ease 
Surfets itself with other men'* dia'ase. 



Hence laws grow tedious,' and the rerr mimes 
Of Qod and Truth, whose natures died before, 
A heavy burthen to these racking frames 
That with a word would wrest up all and mori' i 
Assemblies of estates diapui'af;enients be. 




Ami ii« Tr'^m tlic Knrth, totlic sun uliovu' 
Triljulrs of ilcw iinil I'xhalntioiiR risp ; 
Sri huiniuiu nature yields up iill but Love : 
Hitving this atmngc tninseeti'loncy of Might, 
A» fhild of no mean vice, hut infinite, 

69. 

Whereby these stningths whieh did bi-foru eomiir 
To build, invent, examine, and uoneludc, 
Now turn disease ; bring question iind duuni r ; 
Oppose, dissolve, prevnricut*, dflude, 

And with opinions (tive the State unwrcst,' 
To niuke the new ><till undermiue llir best. 



Cicsar was slaio by those that objects were 
I If (trace, and engines of his Tyranny ; 
Krutus' and Cnssius' work »hull witness bear, 
Kveo to the comfort of posterity, 

Ttiat proud aspirers never had good und ; 

Nor yet excess of Might a constuut fri<'n(L 

> ' Aa ' miapliPn) nttai ' Earth '. O, 

' A iiii»p«l''"K f'" 'anr""t ' Bit Cf, si. 43r<l. lina 



DECLINATION OF MONARCHY. 



So Oiat although tliis tyrant UsuT»ation 
Stood peaz'd' by humourg from a present fall ; 
Thoughta being «11 forc't up to adoration 
Of wit and pow'r— which such thrones work 

Yet both the head and racmbers finite arc 
And must still by their miscreating marrc. 

72. 

The nature of all orer-acting Might, 
Being to atiire offence in each estate, 
And from the deep impreaaions of dcspight 
Enflume those restless instruments of Pate, 
Which as no friends of Duty or Devotion 
Easily stirrc up iaeursion or comniotioa. 

73. 




DECLINATION OF MONAKCHY. 31 

To shake the llealni, or by assasinatc/ 
Into the people to let fall the State. 

74. 

In which excess of tyrants* violence 

If Nero lack a foreign enemy 

Nero from Vindex shall receive offence ; 

Safe from his guard Caligula shall not be ; 
Or if these tyrants find no worse then they, 
Otho shall help to make himself away. 

75. 

But grant the World slept in her misery, 
Yet gi^eedy Time, that good and ill devours, 
To cross this head-long course of Tyranny, 
Takes from the throne these ancient daring powr's 
And by succession of man's discontent, 
Carries mischance upon misgovemment. 



' AHsassination : tho needed rhyme perhaps explains 
the Homewhat odd form. But Halliwell (Arch. & Prov. 
Diet. *. V.) quotes Daniel (Civil Wars iii. 78) 

'• What hast thou done 

To make this barbarous asttajmitiafe 

Upon the person of a prince ?*' 
Of. St. 60, line 4th. G. 



DfXT.IVAriuN ( 



WlK-ifin observe the wit of foniuT iliiys. 
Which foij^t''! their gods themselves — oft to prevfi 
I'ow're iDcliaation U> oppres.iiai; ways — 
Came dowD aad gave utfences {mniahmcut ; 
I.est man should think — above mortality — 
Against iDJustire there were no decree. 

77. 

>'or proof, when with Lycaon'a tyranny 
Men durst not deal, then did Jove to reform 
Deseend, and savage natnr'd cruelty 
Fitly into the greedy wolf transform ; 
Ho was that tyrant Tcreus' nasty Inst 
Chung'd into CTpupa's foul feeding dust.' 

78. 

Hence was Megivra and her sisters tied 

By Ood to attend the erya of men's oppressions ; 




DECLINATION OP MONARCnY. 33 

79. 

Thus as we see these guides of humane kind 
Changed from gods and fathers to oppressors ; 
So we see Tyrannie's excess of mind 
Against her own estate become transgressor ; 
And either by her subjects' craft betraid 
Slain by themselves, or by God's judgement 
swavd. 



®f SHciih J^liuiJcb iLnnints. 

SECT. in. 



re^MjLTMPTJS kppt her sccptor without stain. 
jf^SJ Till she let fiiU Pow'us tender rej.uta- 

JJy gracing Venns and her son to raiRQ, 
Wto with the first goJs had no estimation ; 
For when these faint thoughts camo to riilu 

Pow'r lost ftt onoe both majesty and lui o. 



A work of Saturn, who witli narrow spiti' 
Mow'd down the fat, and let the lean ears spriog, 
Thut after hia sithe nothing prosptr might ; 
Time that bogcts and blnsteth every thing, 
Tu barley uuiking wheat degenorat^-, 




OF WEAK-MINDED TYRANTS. .35 

Of frailties, raigaing since the world began ; 
Faint relaxations doubtless will ensue, 
And change force into craft, old times to new. 

83. 

Worth must decay, and the height of Pow*r decline, 
Vices shall still, but not the same vice, raign ; 
Error in mankind is an endless mine, 
And to the worst, things ever did constrain : 
Unbound it would live, and delight by change 
To make those formes still welcome that be 



strange. 



84. 



Hence like a ball, how hath this world been tost 
From hand to hand, betwixt the Persians, Modes, 
Romans and Greeks, each name in other lost ? 
And while Rome's pride her government misleads 
To scorn the Asian, Grecian arms and worth, 
Made slave she was to those lords she brought 
forth. 

85. 

What marvel is it then to see the Earth 
Thus chang'd from order into anarchy ? 
When these ideas of refined birth 
Were thus transform' d from Reason's monarchy 



OF WKAK-MIKDEI) ITRjtKTB. 



Into that false oligarchy of pntuion. 
Where pnDccs must bear every bttdi 



' every bttdie's faaliion ? 
86. 

And whereby man may really conclude, 

That in tt self Time ondy doth not change, 

Nature affecting like vicissitude ; 

Whence to see Vice succeed Worth is not strange. 
Weakness and strength, aawcll as youtli and age 
Haring in each estate a various stage . 

87. 

So that out of this phtcniz fire there bred 
Sirds that do wear no feathers of their own, 
But borrowed plumes, which imping' ever nectl, 
And Buoh as are by divers colours known, 
Nor of or for themselves to move or bo 
But under them that guide their infimcy, 




OF WEAK-MINDED XrKAXTS. 37 

To add more scorn to her fore-runner* h stain 
Dare neither cherish ill, nor goodness truift ; 
But slacks tlK>rie engines which arc wound 

before. 
And so gives people back their own again ami 
more. 

89. 

Then, min, mirk by this ch.iinj»,-. what thou Ks.^. 

won 
TboQ ka^'st a X^jttA f'/r a ir/XA^ i/PLf: : 
-Vnd art br V>5t-Ti.i*-kitvLfe!» 5iiii,r>»:. 
Whoee state if *-rrr fj^U-I V^ r>rf o-wl ; 



For wir*» ^ . r . v^ix i.-. v.-. :"•>_ ru^,-. a^i r*:* 



OK WEAK-1I[NDED TY&.4!lTe. 



Since whcro the poyzc,' betwixt heart, wit and 
right 

Unoquat is, and wit predominant, 

npiniou'e shadows must seem infinite 

To passive circles large, the active scant, 
All clecr zones dimly overcast with fear, 
And to those false mists mankind forc't to swear. 

92. 

AVhonce from inferiors, visions fitted bo, 

I)ocei\iiig Fruilty with her own desire ; 

Ease is made greatness, trust a liberty, 

A point of craft for Power to retire. 
To work by others held a soveraign state, 
Iteating as God, Who yet distributes fate. 

93. 
Under which clouds, while Pow'r wonld shadow 

sloth 
And make the crown a specious hive for drones. 






94. 

For though like .Enlii* from tbn liiUs of Might, 
Thrones nan let wiuila out to movo Eiirth nml sea. 
Yet neither can they calm or guide them right 
From blasting of that mountain where they lay, 
Beoanie these Bpirits joyn, part, war, ngmo 
To rob weak minda of strong authority, 

85. 

Tliu! ilitl uld tiulbu ruiga in pupillage 

Under tho tutorship of two or three 

Wbo roti'd, built, spoil'd upon the publick stage, 

Cloth'd with the v&U of Ids authority : 
Thus Claudius in hia umpire liv'd a thrall, 
Scom'd by tbow slaves rais'd by him to do all. 



Hcsidcs whnt feoTcrs tiiim must mign, when these 
hose idle fantosmes,' crvnturcs of gmec, 
Impotsiblc to temper, hard to pimse, 
Shall have the pow'r to raise up or deface ? 

fiin<'« mean born natures, artless* fortune great, 
Kntc them that mtiit, scorn them that intreat 



! WEAS-MUISED TTAXXK. 



While hlastinB humours wound both men and 

things, 
Down go the Schoola, the pulpit and the barr ; 
States fall where Power flies with feeble wings, 
To make a man, such kings oft kingdoms marr ; 
Nothing and all alike are currant there, 
Older springs up and dies, Change no shape 
bears. 

98. 

Henee come contempt of laws, and bullions fall, 

Riddles of State which get by doing harm ; 

Statutes for words, bondage unmitur.il. 

Offices, customcs, cittiukls in farmc, 

Engnging crowns, making Fow'rs name a stile 
To mine worth, which it cannot beguile. 




OP WEAK-M1>T)ED TYRAXTS. 41 

For those that rose by providence, care, pain, 
And over Pow*r, which wanted these, did raign, 

100. 

Grow fondly scornful, idle, imperious, 
Despising form, and turning law to will, 
Abridge our freedom to lord over us, 
Loosing the fruit of humors with the skill ; 
Till by degrees insensibly they fall 
By leaving those arts wliich they rose withal. 

101. 

When instantly those undertaking pow'rs 
Care, hazard, wit, misplaced industry, 
— Wliich helpt to build their oligarchal towel's — 
Fly from these downfals of prosperity ; 
As spirits that to govern were created, 
And cannot lower properly be rated. 

102. 

The pride of such inferiors did constrain 
The Swiss agjiiust the Austrian's cantonise ;* 



' =to form thcniHolvos into cantonn as tho Bcl^iaiiii into 
a Republic. See liifo of Sydney also, and our Glossanul- 
ludcx. G. 



42 OF WEAK-UINDED TYLtNTS. 

So wore the Belgians likewise foro't again 

A new rcpublick finely to devise. 

In which that monarch' was oonipel'd to ti'Oat 
As with States equal freu, not equal great. 

103. 

For vices soon to heights and periods rise, 
Have both their childhood, state and declination,' 
Arc somt^time^ cnrnint, but at no time wise ; 
Like blazing stars that blaze their own foundation, 
Or shadows which the shew of bodies have 
And in self-darkness both a life and grave. 

104. 

Whence it proceods that all the works of Error 
Live not in state of health, but sick and cured. 
Change carrying out excess, to bring in terror. 
Never securing, nor to be accnred ; 

But physick-like in new diseases bred. 

Either subtracts or adds till all be dcaj. 







Y'J: Jti lii* "-JrTT :»i:: :if tiitii?: 'ii-.Tjif ireii j'.ru- 
Tka;: Fitt't 'mrfi n' jtlt V'n-r tor ri ▼ -.iri 




(jTautions aguhtBt thcBC tocah extremities. 

SECT. IV. 
106. 

OW to prevent or stay these declinatioiLs' 
And desperate diseases of Estate, 
As hard is as to change the inclinations 
Of humane nature in her love or hate ; 

Which whosoever can make straight or true 
As well is able to create her new. 

107. 

Here falls it out that as the wise physitian, 
When he discovers death in the disease, 
Reveals his patient's dangerous condition ; 
And straight abandons what he cimnot ease 

Unto the ghostly physick of a Might, 

Above all second causes, infinite. 

108. 

So many grave and great men of estate 
In these despaired times retire away, 
And leave the stem of government to Fate, 



^ Dccliiio, as bcroro. G. 



CATTIONS AGAINST TUKSE 45 

Foreseeing her remediless decay ; 

Loath in confused torrents of oppression 
To perish as if guilty of transgression. 

109. 

Who then can wary Seneca reprove ? 
After he had observed his pupil's rage, 
The brother poisoned — strange bewitching love — 
The mother slain, of vice his patronage ; 
If he from bloody Nero did remove, 
And as the pilots do in tempests groan, 
To Fate give over art, and all their own. 

110. 

But grant such spirits were to be excus'd, 
As by oppression or necessity 
Disgraced live, restrained, or not us'd, 
As part themselves of publick misery, 
Yet who are free must labor and desire 
To carry water to this common fire. 

111. 

Have not some by equality of mind, 
Even in the crossest course of evil times, 
With passive goodness won against the wind ? 
So Priscus passVl Domitian's torrid climes, 
And ficap't from danger to the full of days. 
Helping frail liome with un-otfending ways. 



112. 

Was it true valour or timiility 

That made atern Cuto ho impatient 

Of hie own life and Cfflsar's victory ? 

Vanity it waa — like smoak not permanent — ■ 

That wrought this weak work of strong destiny, 
Where while he lost his life ond Eome a friend 
Ho lost thut glory which he made bis end. 

113. 

For since tho most estates at first were founded 

Upon the waving basis of confusion ; 

On what but fear can his discourse be grouudfl 

That in distiess despairs of good conclusion ? 
"With mysteries of which vicissitude 
Fate oftentimes doth humane wit delude. 



Again, who 




WEAK EXTRl':ilITIKS. 17 

115. 

First then let Tyrants — as they do encliue 
By nature, either way unto excess — 
Conceive, though true perfection be divine 
And nowheie ever brought to pass with less : 
Yet in the world, which they would govern well, 
Cures and diseases both together dwell, 

116. 

And though to live by rule proud man be loath, 
Yet roles to kings and subjects are such stays 
As crutches be to feeble Age's sloth. 
Or as the main turmoiled mother seas* 

I>o find those bunks which then confine her 

course, 
When mge blown up, would els make all 
things worbe. 

117. 

Let no mail thcii exj^t-^t a con^laiil air 
lielween tiii htijce *A in*:U and Mriibck-hs Migbt, 
Mitere one r.iixn uiakc^ -kits loul, anolLer lair, 



(•r.l- H^Oi'.^ TithiT i'jr y-'siiix, mal/.T* V_dxji^ imj-li^xL O 



In passive orbs who looks for other right. 
Child-like must breuk alt toys for loss tif one, 
And by thoir full add honour to a throne. 

US. 

Eather let people, as in uii's infected, 

Not seek to master, bnt itcoid disease. 

By absence now, by homago now protected ; 

Not looking high for stumbling in their ways, 
Lest, as of oM, curst with confused speech 
They now find no word currant but, ' beseech,' 



119. 

Again, let weak kings keep their humour chaste. 
Not daring \ioIcnco ; lest over-built 
They help to lay their own foundation waste, 
And failing themselves, multiply their guilt ; 
Since hearts as strong as their estates must be, 
That can enlarge themselves by Tyranny. 




WEAK LXri:KMITIKX. 4*J 

AiSliere prospect mu^^t jippear to tlu'«^' vrcak 

A «sm that mine flies with Dimble winj^s. 

121. 

This weakness which I mean hath divers kinds, 
Some water-like, ea«ie to take impression. 
And like it leave not any print bfrhind, 
Whkrb I omit as fit for no prjl*.-s*ion : 
The other wax-like, take, and keep a mind, 

\n*l mav in strc^zth- tL'.r have, not of th*^r 

OWTL, 

Ik- belpt bv ^jsimon dut? • X/j a throike. 

IJ'2. 

For its, wh*^i ♦«L*4- aiil l»»^i<* woild have a kiuj^ 
To f:in.i^h tJLi*- i Jj- eje-* -r*, fv a srulik : 
«>ut of tiieir owi. t^irv ^a-e :--i. * verr Xhhiz, 
Arsd Vr t^.ir rfit* tL^u.- 1* ♦ iLvr* K-ir*r}r tT*;d : 
El*:?*. T'.'V'.ie*^ wi:.;:*. l.':- .' ti.-'Ij L:iCt'jr«:'t •iJjL 



tilt •" "f y 11^:.:^ 1 '-'•'«•.» '*::... 

1 



60 CADTIO^a AOAINHT THr»E 

"With subjects streagtha by orowus aatfaorJB^d, 
Whereby the feeble may agiin be wombed, 
And thei^ get life oven where it was intombed. 

124. 

Which oDtward help of others' providence 
Watcheth occasiou, poizeth each intent, 
Nor is crown-wisdom any quintcscence 
Of abstract truth or art of Government, 
Uorc then sweet sympathy or counterpeazo' 
Of humours temper'd happily to please. 

125. 

But their best help indeed is happy choice 

Of unJer-ministers of every kind. 

By whom discreetly thrones may judge the voice 

Of images projected to their mind : 
And so by weak but wakeful jealousie. 
The true or false scope of propouudcrs bcc. 




WEAK EXTBEMITIES. 51 

By help of council uncorrupt, to bear 
The practice of his publick government 
Under good laws, which gave good men content. 

127. 

Now though Pow'r hardly can fit spirits to place, 
Which must want judgement wanting industry, 
And so as rarely well dispose of grace, 
Having but chance, no true nobility ; 

Yet kinless Fame helps weakness what to judge 
Till from an eccho, she becomes a drudge. 

128. 

For as the painter — curious in his Art — 

Extream ill features easily represents. 

And by deformity in every part, 

Express the life and likeness to conttmt ; 
As he in Nature's good proportions shews, 
That in her pride Art equal with her goes. 

129. 

So Fame this quintescence of humane spirit, 
Brings unto light the divers states of men, 
And seldome to Unworthiness gives merit. 
Or lets Perfection languish in a den ; 

But on her wings alike brings either forth ; 

The one as good, the other nothing worth. 



52 CAFTTONS AGA.INST THESE 

130. 

Thus may Fame's many eyes, heads, wings and 
heart, 

Instruct weak Pow'r to keep her state upright ; 

And as to rule these is a master's art ; 

So to rule by these is one way of Might, 

Wherein the crown can feel no great distress 
And for the people, they must sure find less. 

131. 

Besides the help of Fame weak thrones shall find 
The wit of time, and selfness in men's hearts, 
Will teach how one man, many men may bind. 
And raise the head by counterpoize of parts, 

All having clmrge and subaltern degree, 

To ease the audits of Authority. 

132. 

Where else weak hands in mighty works must 

fail, 
And all transform'd be to Usui*per's passion ; 
Thrones then reserve yourselves, choice and 

appeal ; 
Greatness her way must with some labor fashion, 
With many eyes he must see wrong and right. 
That finite being, would rule infinite. 



WEiK EXTREMITIES. 53 

133. 

Or if PowVs tender thoughts will needs make 

pleasure 
The end of crowns, which God made publick good, 
Yet give your seconds scope in such a measure, 
As may for chiefs still make you understood ; 
Which one poor priviledge you may reserve. 
By thinking more, then* one, can well deserve. 

134. 

For as in bodies living — though decayed — 
If all parts equally chance to be stain*d» 
The whole is by an ajquilibrium* sway'd. 
As where no odds can easily be gain'd ; 
And so mortality adjoum'd as far 
Oft as in those, all whose parts sounder are. 

135. 

So these weak powVs — in whom States are diseased 
By equal disproportion in each part — 
May 'scape great fits and happily be eas'd 



> Than. G. 

* Note * equilibrium ' : spelled here * aBqailibrium * 
and printed in iUdics an beiu^ only in a traniiition«8tate 

a. 



ffl 3^ 'iinv'^n-r 'imxlaoix in 3r jk ; 






I liii barr-a liast : 



137. 
Lrt P'ai.'e ihea rile, let F»Tfjr rEsii, mjt K«t( 

!■> a*iie. iMscutt 'jc jVuiae inj thing ; 
Onuly let Fjction nmliipLT her *ei^ : 
Two toilks heoiH^K ^Mijia <Li=zer tme<l. 



I OS 




WEAK EXTREMITIES. 55 

Creation only ballanceth their might ; 
Reserve, distribute that in jealous measure, 
That crowns may stand, and kin^ may take 
their pleasure. 

139. 

These partial wits — which Paction works withal — 
Though fatal judges, yet good sisters be. 
Which while they strive each other to enthral, 
Cleer up the dimme lights of Authority ; 

And shew weak crowns what weight of hope or 
fear 

The State, or mind of every man, can bear. 

140. 

Besides thrones have all moulds of their forefathers, 
Safe under-buildings of the wisdoms dead. 
Exchequers that revenues judge and gather. 
Courts that examine treason to the head ; 
Parliaments, council-seats, tripods of Law, 
Engines of pow^r to keep desire in awe. 

141. 

For forain practice they have spies of time 
And place, to which intelligence is due ; 
For CI lurch inferior functions and sublime, 



To teach men God, (ind take n spiritual vip\ 
Of acliisrac in doctrine, nnd in life of sin, 
That neither sect, nor scandul enter in. 



Onuly let not weak pow'ra lay new foundations, 
Who cannot judge how Time wotks on the old ; 
But keep the ancient forms in reputation 
To which man's frecilom is already sold ; 
Since Order over-worn is yet & frame, 
Wherein Confusion rarely weavs her name. 



Thus much for we:ikuess in that royal jmi-t 

Which doth com^em Justice that is supreme ; 

Whose golden links— though forg'd hy Powei 
art — 

Safe circles an- to compass every realm ; 
And keep out all thoughts of ir 
As bearing It iu everj- man's defenc 




WEAK EXTREMITIES. 57 

And blows the people like clouds here and there, 
As — till exhausted — objects of their fear. 

145. 

Lastly, if these mild cautions fail to stay 
These frailties, which disease-like turn and toss, 
And so for that change everywhere make way, 
Which change un guided still begetteth loss ; 
Then he who cannot take, must taken be, 
•Such sharp points hath frail man's supremacy. 



(fit strong %^tmta. 



146. 

IOW from the setting of this evening star 
Ascenda that morning planet's influence, 
Which both in light and glory passeth for 
These comets of sb'ong Fow't in feeble sence; 
And who from inequality of Btoto 
Strive to make all, for one, unfortunate : 

147. 

I mean such eonfitient irapcrioua spirits, 
As over-act with restless scopter-wit, 
Thinking tho world inferior to their merits ; 
Ami brook' no other bounds or lows in it, 

Then' to make all their own thoughts, words, 
and deeds 

Rcceiv'd of people not as rules, but creeds. 




OF STBONO TYRANTS. 59 

Lest torrent-like, they with the prejudice 
Of people, wast their own transcendency ; 

And thus by cutting real grounds too thin, 

Have their ambitions ever to begin. 

149. 

For though throne-vice be publick, like her state 
— And therefore must, of force, wound many 

ways — 
Yet some move scorn, some faults men wonder at, 
Others harm not so many as they please ; 
111 chosen vices vanish in despair, 
Well chosen still leave something after fair. 

150. 

Vitcllius virtucless in life and raign. 

Yet by a glutton's familiarity. 

The German armies did so finely gain, 

As against Otho he had victory ; 

Brake the Piictorian forces ; and in vain 

Vespatian had aspir'd his monarchy, 

But that each \dce fits not all times and States, 
For what one age affects* another hates. 



^ Admires, chooees, as before. G. 



151. 

Pertinax' again, in 'whom predominant 
Few Ticcs ■wore, yet narrowness of heart 
If ode him the fortune of great omiicH want. 
Where Cicsar mixt with vioea, worth, and art. 
Had with the people for his death such moan. 
As if in him Borne had heen overthrown. 

152. 

In him that first did spoil her treasury 

Eavago her provinces and tyrannise, 

"While 08 bewitcht with prodigality, 

They sell themselves for what in their pow'r lies : 
Thus pleasing vices sometimes raise a crown. 
As austere vortues often pull it down. 

133. 

Pow'r therefore must those womanish slight errors, 
Which publish to the world self-love or fear, 




OF STRONG TYRANTS. 61 

154. 

From hence the Macedonians did get heart 
To dally with that tenderness they found 
In their great king, and finely frame an art 
To keep the monarch with his own thoughts 
hound ; 
For when Hephestion died he did aspire, 
Through him to make a god of his desire. 

155. 

Unto which god some straight did altars build, 
Some sacrificed, others sware by his name. 
Some told their dreams, others were vision-fiU'd ; 
All which inspirings from Hephestion' s came : 
As grace or disgrace did in Nero's days, 
To those that did his singing scorn or praise. 

156. 

Aspirers therefore on corruption founded, 
Should use their vice as merchants do their ware ; 
N'ot choak the market, lest their vents be bounded, 
But martiaP these things which excesses are, 
So as by vice made slaves they may not be. 
But rather vice made arts of tyranny. 



I _ 



= marshal. G. 



62 OF STEONG TYRANTS. 

157. 

For majesty then sinks, when private vice 
Is not kept servant to the publick State, 
But rather crowns with common prejudice 
Subjected basely to their vices' fate ; 
Because of consequence then Power must 
Serve them in all things that observe their last. 

158. 

Wise Salomon was taken in this net, 

When those strange women which bewitcht his 
mind. 

By it a powerful government did get, 

To wave his own faith, and seduce mankind ; 
For which vice if his heirs did loose the throne, 
It proves. Disorder never goes alone. 

159. 

Again, as tyrants are cclips'd by this 
So falls the scepter when it bankrupt grows 
In common fame, which Nature's trumpet is : 
Defect, for ever finding scorn below ; 

For Reputation airy though it be. 

Yet is the beauty of Authority. 



OF STRONG TYRANTS. 63 

160. 

Which to improve, strong princes must despise 

All arts that blemish birth, place, courage, worth ; 

For tyrants unto men then sacrifice 

Their thrones, when inward errors they shew 
forth, 
Which curiously the wise have ever us'd 
To keep concealed, well ballanc*d, or excus'd. 

161. 

Such are extortions, cruelty, oppression, 
Covetousness, endless anger, or displeasure, 
Neglect, or scorn of person, or profession. 
Pride, baseness, rudeness, vain cxpence of trea- 
sure ; 
All which like number multiplied by place,* 
Do in the man the monarchy disgrace. 

162. 

Dissolving due respect and reverence, 
Which gentle raines* in active princes hands 



^ Ab not 0001 but 1000, the numeral having its place 
not after but before the ciphers. George Wither uses the 
device of describing his celebrated * Speech without 
doore ' as having been delivered " in the hearing of 
0000003 persons then present." (1644). G. 

2 Reins. G. 



B4 OF STROXO TTBANTB. 

(rive such rL'^^lmint or Intitudi' to Bcncr, 
Am with tht' cn<l of government best fitanila ; 
And who lets fall these pleasing inwanl tics 
!&[u8t cither full in atatc or tyruunisc. 

163. 

Let lU-hoboum then in nil his ways 
Avoid yong council, which cnflarne the hciirts, 
And 80 on ruinc I'ow'rs fonndation lays: 
Tn which light youth hath still the chiofcst part" : 
Thrir wit is force, the old man's force is wit : 
And then for thrones, let no mau judge what'fi 
fit. 

Ifit. 

Itut above all, such actions us niay bring 
His fiiitli in doubt, a strong prince must eschow, 
Itecause it dotli concern a lioundlesi king 
To keep hw wonls, ami contracts, stiildy, true, 
Ilis grants entire, graces not undermin'd ; 
i if hatii Tnitli aa.l Poiv'r h; J but u 




OF STB0N6 TYRANTS. 65 

Mislettcrd writs ? a conclave subtilty ! 
Since ill fate then and ever did befall 
That broken faith aspirers work withal. 

166. 

The precepts of Lysander to beguile 
Children with toys, and men with perfidic, 
llecords himself by this infamous wile. 
To be their tutor in malignity, 

Who since conclude that perjury no sin, 

"Which by equivocation enters in. 

167. 

A vice so hateful never as when it 
Borrows the veil of Justice for deceit ; 
Hollow Tiberius plays not with his wit, 
But to give his fidsc practice better weight ; 
Hence sacred virgins are to be defil'd 
By hangmen first, to liave the law beguil'd. 

168. 

The poets shew what credit with these gods 
Truth had, by sacred oath of Stygian Lake ; 
The heavy dooms, and still tormenting rods, 
Which thev resenM for them that sware and 
bnike ; 



OP STBOHQ TTKAHTS. 



And irecd from paia if tlieeo pow'rs could not be, 
What shall we think of tyrants' blasphemie ? 



Did Tantalus, belov'd of Jnpiter, 

With his own noctar, and ambrosia narat ; 

Or Battus' painless in perjuring erru ? 

[Perjury ! of all men and gods accurst] ?* 
When Tantolua in hell sees store and starrea. 
Which eencelesa Battus for a touchstone aeires. 

170. 

Thus see we how all times, all sorts of faith. 
Some hy the cloud of fainM transformation. 
Others by humane censure' unto death. 
And Bomo by heavy doom of discreation. 
To keep truth sacred carefully have sought, 
Without which no society is ought. 

171. 

Therefore let Pow'r in her deliberations. 




OF STRONG TYBANTS. * 67 

That she an equal princely calculation 
Of wealth, strength, titles, fears, and hope may- 
make ; 
Because if tyrants there poize all things right, 
To do, or to forhear, it gives them light. 

172. 

The paints no more, or rather not so much, 
To shun the sickness as to seek the cure ; 
And yet in gain and honour far more rich. 
It is within her strength to rest secure. 

Then peece,* veil,' yeild, when she hath done 
amiss ; 

Since great descent in scepters fatal is. 

173. 

Pow*r, make your leagues, gifts, contracts therefore 

just, 
Since Wrong prescribes not crowns by time or 

deed ; 
Thrones never wanting means, occasion, lust, 
To try by hazard how their right shall speed. 
In whose uncertain orb yet princes shall 
Oft find mischance upon misdoing, fall. 

* = poace I. e. make peace. G. 

' = veil : to lower (one's flag) in token of subnii88ion. Cf. 
our Phinoatt Fletcher in GloBsarial-Index ». r. G. 



171. 

For bowBoever to the partul tiirane 
fff niigbtT Pov'r, the arts of truthless wit 
Hay currant go, like brass, amongst their own; 
Yet when the world shall come to jadgc of it, 
Xatnrc that Id her witdom never hea, 
Will shew deceit anil wrong are never wise. 

175. 

But giant this hononr unto FaithleiiSDess, 
That sometimes it mav prosper with occasion. 
And make tmc wisdomc in appeamncc less. 
Yet what gains Fow'r by loss of reputation ? 
Since every blossome which ill-doing bears 
Itlastetb the fruit of good success with fears ? 

176. 

Again, as tyrants ought to soar above 

This reach of humours, bo oufiht they to bear 

A ruler's hand, and every spirit move, 




OF 8TR0X0 TTRAXT8. G9 

Of sect or fuel ion to become a part ; 
Since all is theirs, all must on them depend, 
And to make use of each side is their art ; 
Else like kings forc*t for refuge to one town. 
They in that one, cast dice for all their crown. 

178. 

Rather must they by providence unite 
All parties so, as none may gage their state, 
Or in their private ends withdraw from might, 
But give their greatest, such a yielding rate. 
As like the Earth plow'd up, they must not 

groan, 
Though greedy Pow'r exhaust more then their 
own. 

179. 

For Faction else lurking in hopes and fears, 

When it awakes by opportunity. 

Straight hydra-like, in many foreheads bears 

Horror, division, multiplicity, 

Nor safe unto itself, nor to those kings 
That unto mean birds will lend eagles wings. 

180. 

Therefore should this well masked cockatrice 
Be carefully even in the egg supprest. 



70 OP BTBOKO TTBANTB. 

Before the venomc of her poisoning yicc 
Against the prince and kingdom be addrest ; 
It being not safe for strong-witted might 
To gire Subjection any legal right. 

161. 

For as we see in deep corrupted airs. 
Each petty uckness turns to pestilence, 
And by infectioD common mine bears : 
So, in the orb of kings' omnipotence, 

Faction oft makes each private discontent 
Swell abore taw to plague the government. 

182. 

For to make bodies strong, proves heads are w 
And so two sects prepared in one realm, 
"Which doth the beauty of obedience break, 
By tempting discontented minds to glean ;' 



a rhyme in 'gloan ' with 'rMlm'. 




OF 8TH0NG TYRANTS. 71 

And SO force thrones to one side for protection 
Whose being is to keep both in subjection. 

183. 

'Not holds our rule alike with weak and strong, 
Since weak kings' raigns do very seldom raise 
Such spirits, as dare shuffle right and wrong ; 
At least what breeds them, breeds their counter- 
peaze ;* 
Corruption's weak birth therefore yielding many, 
licst Liberty should be ingrost by any. 

184. 

Wliereas this other princely stirring stuff, 

Oft by example gives new laws to kings, 

With danger to soveraignity enough 

By those new fashions which they give to things : 

Therefore are factions here to be supprest ; 

Which in mild times support weak princes best. 

185. 

Now how pow'r so should ballance things and 
minds, 

that this rovealB a pun of Iklarlowe in his "Jew of 
Malta :" " Give me a ream of paper, we'll have a kingdom 
of gold for't " (Act iv. sc. 4).) So Dyce. O. 
I Counterpoise, as before. G. 



Ji OP BTBOSO TTRAKM. 

As all dissentione may in hor unite, 
Or from what place Pow.'r arguments should find, 
To mako the crooked undergo the right ; 
How it should pierce the skin of piLssion, 
And yet in these wounds ingtnntly give fushioo. 



Strong hearts loom out of pi-tkctick wisdom must, 
Which knowing how to pay each with his own, 
By mixing good and iU, with fear and lust, 
Beap among thorns, seeds by them never lowu ; 
And make the people yield up iheir estate, 
To add more still to government they hate, 

187. 
Which artificial' steerage of affection. 
Having but small afSnity with good, 
No essence, but an essence like reflection 
Will best by opposites he understood ; 
The foul excess of ill heing only that 
Which to avoid in Pow'r I level at. 




OF STBONQ TYHANTS. 73 

Let tyrants* think that all their acts remain 
Spread, like Apollo's beams, in each man's sight. 
Which by the divers fate of good or ill 
Either produce scorn, malice, or good will. 

189. 

Lastly, this tyrant-pow'r— veil of the man — 
In people's eyes must not assiduous* be ; 
What hath* respect appears but now and then ; 
Reservedness, that art of Tyranny, 

Equally graceth both pain and reward ; 

Demission* works remission,* not regard. 

190. 

Thus much in brief, to temper head-strong Vice 
Which thorow princes often wounds the crown ; 
To shun which dangerous racking precipice, 

^ Southey repeats the misplacing of * that ' here, to the 
confusion of the whole stanza. G. 
' Constant. So Milton, 

•* I would not cease 

To weario him with my assiduous cries ". 

(P. L. xi. 310.) G. 
' Southey grossly misprints * hate.* G. 
* Lowering. G. 

^ Abatement, diminution. Shakespeare uses the word 
several times e. g. *' reminsion lies in Yolcian breasts." 
(Cor. v. 2.): et alibi, G 



«4 OP STRORQ TTRARTS. 

Tyrants ehould all signa of their scUiiesa drovn ; 
And yet by odds of place work every man 
To serve them with the best, and worst thoy 

191. 

But if Pow'r will exceed, then, let mankind 
Roceivo oppression, as fruits of their error ; 
Let them, again, live in their duties shrin'd. 
As their safe haven from tho winds of terror. 
Till He thatraia'd Pow'r to mow man's sin down, 
Please for Pow'rs own sins, to pluck off her 




m (tthuuh. 

SECT. VI. 
192. 




HUS having in few images exprest 
The effect which each extremity hiings 
forth, 

Within man's nature, to disturb man's rest ; 
What enemies again they be to Worth, 
As either gyves, which Freedom doe restrain, 
Or jubiles which let Confusion raign. 

193. 

There rests to shew what these degrees of vice 
Work, when they fixt be to the moulds of Might ; 
As what relation of the prejudice. 
Or help they yeeld of universal right ; 
Vice getting forces far above her own, 
When it spreads from a person to a throne. 

194. 

For as in princes natures, if there be 

An audit taken, what each kind of passion 

Works, and by what usurp't authority 



Order and roaaon's peace they do disfoabion ; 
Within mon's littlo world, it prores the same, 
WTiich of Pow'rs great world doth confound the 



When spread kings self-lovo into Church or Law, 
Pulpit and bar etrcight foel corrupted Might, 
Wliich bounded will uot be, much less in awe 
Of hearenly ceueuro, or of earthly right : 
Besides creation and each other part 
Withfjs, when Pow'r turns Nature into Art. 

196. 

For as between the object and our scncc. 
Look where the mediums do prove dim or deer, 
Men's minds receive forms of intelligcnct;, 
Which make things cither fair or foul appear ; 
80 bi'twecn Power's lust and people's right, 
The mediums help to clucr or dazol light. 




OF CHUKCH. 77 

Either to bind transcendence by constraint, 
Or spoil mankind of all rights but complaint : 

198. 

And where by this well-ballancing of Might, 

Regalities of crowns stand undeclin'd, 

Whose beings are not to be infinite. 

And so of greater price then all mankind ; 
But in desire and function tcmper'd so 
As they may current with their people go. 

199. 

'V^^len Theopompus, Lacedemon's king 

Had rais'd up a plebcan magistrate, 

— Like Roman tribunes — which the soaring wing 

Of soveraign excesses might abate ; 

Ho therein saw, although he bound his child. 
Yet in a less room ho did surer build. 

20i). 

For infinite ambition to extend 

The bounds of Pow'r — which finite pow'rs must 
w[i]eld — 

As vain is, as desire to comprehend, 

And plant eternity in Ifature's field ; 
Whereby the idle and the over-doing 
Alike run on, their own destruction M'oiiig. 



Active then yet withoat exceas of spirit, 
Strong princes must be ia their government ; 
Their inflnence in every thing of merit, 
Not with an idle, glorious name content. 

But qnict in nimble use, and change of wombs. 
Which else prove people's anares, and princes' 
tombs. 

202. 

Placing the first foundation of their raigns 
Upon that &ame, which all frames else exceeds ; 
REUatoN, by whose name the scepter gains 
More of the world, and greater reverence breeds 
In forrainer, and home-bred snbjocts too, 
Then' much expence of blood and wealth can do. 

203. 

For with what force God's true Religion spreads. 
Is by her shadow Superstition known ; 




OF CHUKCH. 79 

204. 

And is not Mahomet's forg'd Alcoran 

Both with the heathen in authority, 

And to the Christians' misled miter-throne 

Become a very rack of tiranny ? 
Their spirits united, eating men like food,* 
And making ill ends with strong armies good. 

205. 

Religion's fair name by insinuation 
Secretly seiseth all pow'rs'of thejmind, 
In understanding raiseth admiration. 
Worship in will, which native sweet links bind 
The soul of man, and having got possession 
Give pow'rfull WiU an ordinate progression. 

206. 

Forming in conscience lines of equity, 

To temper laws, and without force infuse 

A home-bom practice of civility,' 

Currant with that which all the world doth use, 
Whereby divided kingdoms may unite 
l£ not in truth, at least in outward rite, 

' P8alm xiv. 4. G. 

' Civilization, refinemeut. G. 



80 OF CHUSCH. 

207. 

Therefore I say Pow'b should be provident 
In judging this chief strength of Tyranny 
With caution, that the clergy government 
Give not the miter-Crown-supremacy ; 
Making the Sultan and the Caliph one. 
To tyrannize both Cair and Babylon.^ 

208. 

The Churche's proper arms be tears and prayers 
Peter s true keys to open Earth and sky ; 
Which if the priest out of his pride's despair 
Will into Tybris cast, and Paul's sword* try ; 
God's Sacred Word he therein doth abandon^ 
And runs with fleshly confidence at random. 

209. 

Mild people therefore honour you your king, 
Reverence your priests ; but never under one 



^ These were the places of residence of the Caliphes. B. 
[By * Cair ' no doubt Cairo is intended. G.] 

* St. Paul is usually represented in early paintings with 
the sword, as St. Peter with the keys. Fairholf s Dic- 
tionary of Temis in Art thus explains : ** In Christian 
Art, this saint is roprcsontod with a sword, significant of 
liis maiiynloni, and jui open book symbolical of the new 
law and an attribute of apostlcship." U. 



OF CHUBCH. 81 

Frail creature both your soul and body bring, 
But keep the better part to God alone ; 
The soul His image is, and only He 
Knows what it is, and what it ought to bo. 

210. 

Lest else by some idolatrous conceit, 
You give them that at sin can cast no stone, 
Means to pluck down the Godhead by deceit, 
And upon man's invention raise a throne ; 
Besides, where sword and canons do unite, 
The people's bondage there proves infinite. 

211. 

Princes again wake, and be well advis'd. 
How suddenly in man kings pow*r is dro>\Ti'd, 
The miter rais*d, the scepter prejudic'd. 
If you leave all rights Superstition-bouud ; 
For then as souls more dear, then bodies atv : 
So these Church-Wsions may strain nature far. 

212. 

Kings therefore that fear superstitious Mi^ht, 
Must cross their courses in their infancy ; 
By which the Druids, with their shadowM li{;ht, 
Got goo<ls from them that took their woixls, to be 



Treble reworded in the life to come ; 

.Knd works not panulice the same for Romu ? 



For with such mystical dexttirit]', 
Itucking the living souls through rogc of sin, 
And ilj-ing souls with Horror's mysttry, 
l>i[l not the miter from the scepter wiu 
The third part of the world, till LuTU ek cumc, 
Who shok't the doctrine of that <loublu frame ? 

214. 

Lie not France, Poland, Italy and Spain 
Still as the snow doth, when it threatens more, 
Like engines, fitted to draw bocli again 
Those thot the true light severed heforo ? 
And was not Venice excommunicate, 
For curbing such false purchaaea of lat« ?' 

215. 

Which endless thirst of sacred a 




OF CHURCH. Sa 

So besides schools and cells which vail her 

shame, 
Hath she not armies to extend her name ? 

216. 

Pow'r for a pensil, conscience for a table. 
To write opinion in of any fashion, 
"With wit's distinctions, ever merchantable, 
Between a prince's throne and people's passion ? 
Upon which texts she raiseth or puis down 
All, but those objects which advance her crown. 

217. 

Pow'r therefore, be she needy or ambitious, 
IHspos'd to peace, or unto war enclin'd, 
Whether religious in her life, or vicious. 
Must not to miters so enthral mankind ; 

As above Truth and Force, moncks may prevail. 
On their false visions crown-rights to entail. 

218. 

Again, let not her clerks by Simon's ways. 
Lay wast endowments of devoted spirits ; 
And so pull down, what their forefathers misd 
With lionour in their actions, if not merit ; 
Loa.st as by pride they once got up too higli, 
Their bascuesw feel the next extremity. 



or CBTKca. 



219. 



Fur fint bi-8Hlc« the scandal and contempt 
Which thixM: baac coar^es on tLcir doctrine csst ; 
Th<r iftati-ly mimoments are not exempt, 
f(ec:3n9e withoat means, no Time-works can last ; 
And Trom high pomp a desperate descent 
iShews both in State and Church misgoTerament. 

22U. 

Whcrcnr let her take heed, since when estates 
From such a greatness do begin to fall. 
Descent is unto them precipitate : 
Vor as one gnngrcn'd member ruincs all ; 
So what the modesty of one time Icavvs, 
The time sncceeding certainly bereaves. 

221. 

Tlicreforc must thrones— us gods of forms ex- 
terior—' 
Curt up tliis earthly mcttal in good mould ; 




OF ciruBcu. 85 

Guiding the weak and strong, to such extension, 
As may to order sacrifice invention. 

222. 

And hereby work that formal unity, 
Which brooks no new, or irreligious sects. 
To nurse up faction or impiety : 
Change ever teaching people to neglect : 
But raise the painful,* learned, and devout 
To plant obeying conscience thorowout. 

223. 

Veyling her doctrine with antiquity, 
Whence and where although contradicting sects 
Strive to derive and prove their pedigree. 
As safest humane levels* to direct 

Into what mould Opinion shall be cast, 

To make her true, at least like Truth to last. 

224. 
Or if their times will not permit a tnice, 

* Laborions : and henco the old Puritan phrase of *^ a 
painful pastor and preacher.' G. 

' Level, = an instrument for levelling as in st. 663, lino 
2nd, and so generally an instrument for accurately measur- 
ing any work. (I. 



In wntngHiig qucstioDs, ivhich break Nature's 

peace, 
And therein offer Ood and man abuse ; 
T^it I'ow'r yet wisely make their practice cease. 
In Charcb or Courts, and bind them to the 

schools. 
As business for idle, witty' fools. 

225. 

Ordering that people from the pulpit hear 
Nothing, but that which stems man's life to mend ; 
Ab shadows of ctemitl hope and fear. 
Which do contract the ill, and good extend, 

Not idle theorick,' to tickle wit, 

Kmpty of goodness, much more nice then fit. ■ 



To which refining end, it may seem just, 
Tliat in tho Church the supream magistrates 
Should ancient be, ere they be put in trust, 
Sinco ftp^d wit bpst tifPAyrs anil nhntpB 




OF rncRCU. 87 



227. 



The Roman laws for magistrates admit 
None that had not passed the meridian line 
Of youth, and humours incident to it ; 
And shall it not in functions divine 

Be more absuid, to let that youth appear, 
And teach what wise men think scarce fit to 
hear? 

228. 

IJosides, chaste life years easilier may obserre. 
Which temper in cathedral-dignity, 
Though wives be lawful, yet doth well deserve, 
As to their functions leaving them more free ; 
Instance their learned works that liv'd alone, 
Where married bishops left us few, or none.* 

229. 

And if men shall object, that this restraint 
Of lawful mamage will encrease the sin. 
And so the beauty of the Church attaint, 
By bringing scandal through man*8 frailty in, 
I say man's fall is Sin's, not Churche's shame, 
Ordain'd by censure to enlarge her fame. 

' Soo »' liQCon in Council '* by J. F. Boyes (1866) for 
ciirioafi and 8u«?gostive illuHtmtion of this sentiment (pp 
137-140). O. 



SS OF CBTBCR. 

230. 

Ccnsnre. the life of discipline, whicb b«ars 
Powt's (piritnal (tandaid, fit to goron all 
Ofnoions, actions, humoon, hopes, BDd fean, 
^re«d knowledge, make obedienc« general ; 

Whence man instructed well, and kept in awe. 

If not the inward, jet keep» tHitward Law. 

231. 

Which form is all that Tyranny expects, 
I mean, to win, to change, and yet unite ; 
Where a true king in his estate affects 
So from within man, to work out the right. 
As his will need not limit or allay' 
The liberties of God's immortal way. 



Where tyrants" discipline is nerer free, 
But ballauc^d, proportioned, and bounded : 




OF cnmcii. 89 

233. 

Pow*r may not be opposed or confounded ; 
But each inferior orb command or serve, 
With proper latitudes distinctly bounded, 
To censure all states that presume to swerve,* 

Whereby the common people and the throne 

May mutually protected be in one. 

234. 

Not rent asunder by sophistication 
Of one frail sinner,* whose supremacy 
Stands by prophane or under- valuation 
Of God's anointed Soveraignty : 

And by dividing subjects from their kings 
Soars above those thrones, which first gave 
them wings. 

235. 

Affecting such irrevocable might 

With us, as to their mufty,^ Turks liv'd under, 

Or rather sacriledge more infinite, 

From Jove to wrest away the fearful thunder : 



* Cf. * swarve * boforo for rhjino. G. 

« The Pope. G. 

» Now8peUod*Mu(ti'. G. 



'- poie. as if thv ttSih tafll ftrW. 

Wbtn be akoe nil'i] Bot Euth. bi^TO »Jf\ lit-U. 



SaliBOiteas, vbo vlnk he hu cunnrfa* dnt^ 

Orer tbe brazen lnd«p <rf' HL* sticam. 

And did with utificiAl thunder brarc 

Jore. till he pierc't him with a lightning bram ;* 

From which example who will an idol ho. 

Unit re^ aamr'd to feel a deity. 



Thoa mnch to shew the ontwaid Chorcho's u=>>i 
In tnsdag np the saperstitions upbear, 
Snbject alike to order or abuse, 
Choiu'd with immortal seeming hopes ao'l fc-ar ; 

Which shadow-like their beings yet Ureavc. 

By trusting to be, when their bodies leave. 




ip rrrr 



■■K* -I2i ZU;ii*-L. lilt Zm« JI.~3t!t^rTrar:. 

Bt -viiiiift Tiiri Jrulrr •f.-i-'an-n^r ifi;:: nan'* 



V I X.S4K rVT n>fc» -xn -B-L rna'yn'Ji *'"— J«» t.^ lilV* iC 



Afl those nev masters stir ap in man's heart. 
Who seldom find tmtli in the weaker part. 

245. 

A master-piece of pow*! whicli hath extinct 
That former light of Natnrc men lir'd in. 
Holding the world to crown-opinions linkt 
Who simply prize not good, nor punish sin : 
Bat vhatsoerer doth withstand their will. 
That bar, as if by nature it were ill. 

246. 

Tet in man's darkness since Church-rites alone 
Cannot guard all tho parts of government, 
Lest by disorder States be oTerthrown, 
Pow'r must use laws as her best instrument ; 
Laws being maps and councellors that do 
Shew forth diseases, and redress them too. 



247. 




IP IaV*. ^•'' 



.IV 



Mjiie time lorze Emmrr: "iimil Ti ii^ imniCi>ii. 
Men ▼«£ RLiizL* t *3»-ir irr~itrus jl ▼•imip. 
Ami finsely •launr'* i* -fT'-r^ -wan * tniuiiiioii. 
Iiil bT tile jii.'Wi \t -r-jfmiifcd. ixai*?5C7 

them fr^tfft. 

For thiiii ▼'la thia r«5pr-.#it iif 5n:;iii-:i ^j-^* 
ttf m£iL Elf' in'* ^* xii-vv tR:tcr.'^".n;r ▼ tifink : 



i:«. 



F'if mi.-n t*> *siT. Tiin y^r. s-*;!^ 2i.n "v-.l. r 

In naXilT': tJLrll "W—lo .J,".* ill*; \Z U-^ 

If ore sLJLi't i-Hiyii-ci TttlI^j v. i.* t » ^^ r 
WLt;tf-r;r ""-T i.L"» Sir:*! : ,»s» ,c ri^-j: •-IX.., 



96 OP LAWS. 

251. 

Besides laws fixe the bent of people's minds 
From prying up, while selfiiess doth intend 
Other men's faults, and therein heedless binds 
That common freedom, which they would extend. 
Laying an impost upon every vice, 
To spread the crown by people's prejudice. 

252. 

This was that apple fatally cast down 

By Momus, to set goddesses at war. 

Which erst too busie were with Jove's high crown 

And cabinet, where all dooms fix^d are, 

Judg'd by a* shepheard, for it was thought due 
That to inferiors they must submit that sue. 

253. 

Old Rome again was never out of strife 
Between the people and the magistrates. 
Till Appius brought from Athens rules of life, 
Which are cuU'd laws in every other State, 
Whetting their edges so against their own. 
As none found leisure to restrain a throne. 



* Soutlicy leavca out * a ' iu error. G, 



Since then br Isvs, lite iiut anC -wva^ vdi*^m» 
Of pHde-bom limiiU fomi'd mid dklunif d ^«^ - 
To give for tbem Boane c%9:iBniI db^ectiuui^ 
Ab stays •gMiw^ cnx^nzn^n^ liiiistj. 

I think were fit. as weil to ^mw i^ tlkm*^ 
In iwlfinf^ as tliesr ^otfd tdEtiCt il itn^ 

Therefore if somelimes Tvwtt do laiv^ «^;t 

To humors or occaa{in&, ta?r»»: «r j^>t. 

Yet those are found of m'X eq-OAjitT 

Which bear a careful umTerHaJ £mi*: : 
Whereas particular and yins^^tix Liv« 
Diseases oft in time sucoejediii;? *at3L9^ 

256. 

Again those laws which universal be. 
And thereby freely currant every where. 
Doe with the grounds of Nature best agree, 
And so with man most reputation bear ; 

As reason cast in frames to mould his passion, 
\Miich kept in bounds, keeps all his acts in 
fashion. 



257. 

But the true ground of all our humane laws, 
Oaght tA be that Law which is ever true, 
His light that it of every being cause i 
Beyond Whoso providence what can be new ? 
Therefore as means betwixt these two oxtreams, 
I^aws should take light at least from those sweet 
beans. 



Yet by the violence of supeiiors' passion, 
And wandring visions of inferior spirits, 
Pow'r to make up it self strives to disfasbion, 
Creating error new aswcl as merits, 

In hope to form man's outward ^ico by laws. 
Whose pow'r can nevir reach the inward 



Yet do these laws make spirits of their professio 




OF LAWS. 90 

260. 

For as the man that means to write or draw, 
If he imperfect be in hand or head, 
Makes his straight lines unto himself a law, 
By which his after- works are govemM, 
So be these lines of life in every realm,* 
To weigh men's acts, a well-contenting beam. 

261. 

Hence must their aphoiismes which do comprise 
The summe of law be published and sfil'd, 
In such a common language as is priz'd 
And us*d abroad, not from the world exil*d ; 
Lest being both in text and language thrall, 
They prove not coyns for traffick general. 

262. 

For is it meet that laws which ought to be 

Rules unto all men, should rest known to few ? 

Since then how can Powr's soveraignity 

Of universal justice bear a shew, 

Reform the judge, correct the advocate, 
Who knowing law alone command the State ? 

' Another example of realm = roam. G. 



Aft«r the infancy of glorioua Rome, 

Laws were with Church-rites secretly enshrin'd ; 

Poor people knowing nothing of their doom, 

fiat that all rites wcro in the judge's mind : 
Flavius reveal'd this snaring mistery, 
Great men repin'd, but Rome it self grew free. 

264. 

So with the crafty priesthood was the year 
Hade short or large by their intercahition : 
Selling the time to publicans more dear. 
Till CECsar did reform this computation. 

And brake these threads of avarice they spun, 
If eaeuiing swift Time by due course of the snn 



Hard is it therefore for mtn to decree. 
Whether it bettcT were to have no law, 




OF LAWS. 101 

Or law kept onely as a mystery, 
In their breasts that revenue from it draw ; 
Whether to bar all mandates be not one 
With spreading them in dialects unknown. 

266. 

For as when liturgies are published 
In forrain tongues, and poor souls forc't to pray, 
The tongue is trusted without heart or head 
To tell the Lord they know not what they say ; 

Eut only that this priest-obedience, 

'Twixt grace and reason, damns th* intelligence. 

267. 

So when our Law, the beams of life and light, 
Under a cloud or bushel shall bum out, 
The forrain accents which are infinite. 
Obscuring sence and multiplying doubt ; 
We blinded in our ways by this eclipse 
Must needs apologize for many slips. 

268. 

Again, laws ordered must be, and set down 
So cleerly as each man may understand. 
Wherein for him, and wherein for the crown, 
Their rigor or equality doth stand ; 



For rocks not seamarks else, they prove to bo, 
Fearful to men, no fricDds to Tynmny. 



Ah making judges and not priscca great. 
Because that doubtful senco which they cxpouud 
Roiscth them np above the prince's seat, 
Hy offring strength, form, matter, and a ground 
To fashion all degrees unto their end, 
Through men's desires which covet Law to 
friend. 

270. 

For as the Papists, do by exposition. 

Of double sences in God's Testament, 

Claim to their chair a sovcraipi condition ; 

So will these Legists in their element 

Got above Truth and thrones, raising tho barr 
As high as those unerring proud chairs are. 

271. 




OP LAWS. lOiJ 

272. 

Prohibiting those lawless marts of place, 
Which, by permission of a careless crown, 
Corrupt, and give the magistrate disgrace 
With servile purchase of a selling gown ; 
And so rate Justice at as vile a price. 
As if her state were people's prejudice. 

273. 

Again, the length and strange variety 
Of processes and trials, princes must 
Reform ; for whether their excesses be 
Founded upon judges or pleaders lust. 
The effect of either ever proveth one, 
Unto the humble subjects overthrown. 

274. 

In course of Law beside[s], Pow'r must advise 
Whether for tryal of men's private right, 
It will be found j ust, e^ual, fit, or wise 
To give the judges any other light. 

Then in men's titles by cleer evidence : 
In case of crime, by testimony of sencc. 

275. 

Again, if common justice of the king 
Delayed, dishonored, or corrupted be, 



104 OF LIWB. 

And so the subject rackt in every thing, 
By these word-mongora,' and their liberty, 

Whether God's government among'st His own, 
Was not more wise, which advocates had none ? 

276. 

The warlike Laccdemon suffered not 

tn her Republick any advocate ; 

The learned Athens neither used lot 

Tfor plea, bat party, and their laagistrute ; 
As if these Courts would never atamlcss be, 
Which did allow that gaining' miatery. 

277- 

Because their end being meerly avarice, 
Winds up their wits to such a nimble strain, 
Aa helps to blind the judge not give him eyes. 
And when successively these come to raign. 
Their old acquainted' traffick makes them sec. 
Wrong hath more clyents then Sincerity. 



278. 




OF LAWS. 105 

Then bind it to the makers of their chair, 
And now the whole text into one part draw ; 
So that from home who shall but four years bo 
Will think laws travell'd have aswell as he. 

279. 

Moreover, to give Justice ready eyes 
Kings here and there in provinces remote 
Should to establish proper Courts devise 
That their poor subjects might not live by vote, 
Nor yet by charge of Care's far-fetchM right, 
Give more advantage to oppressing Mig^t. 

280. 

Such be those seven sinews mystical^ 
In the French monarchy, sent from the brain. 
To spread both sence and motion thorough all^ 
And over senoe, opinion, cust/jme raign ; 
Paris, Grenoble, Tolous, Bordeaux, Rone, 
Dijon, and Aix ; seven pillars of a throne. 

281. 

Which, were they not oft subject to infection 
From noLboroe mi•^'tte beyond the Alpe« ariiiiog. 
Would ki-ep the b'^aJiL of that State io perfecti^^ 
A* well from falling a^ from tyrannizing : 



Bat Fate leaves no man longer qnict here. 
Then blessed peace is to his neighbor dear. 



Pow'r then, stretch no gronnds for gntce> spleen oi 
gain, 

But leave the subject to the suhjcct's Law ; 

Since equals over equals glad to raign, 

Vill by advantage more advantage draw, 
For throne-examples are hut seldom lost, 
And follow' d ever at the publick cost, 

283. 

People by naturolove not to obey, 
By force and use yet grow their humours mixt. 
Now soft like wax, now bardncd like the clay. 
And BO to make or marre, soon mov'd or fixt. 
As these two moderators Wit and Might 
To their ends wave or let them stand upright. 

284. 




OF LAWS. 107 

285. 

Crowns therefore keep joni oaths of coronation. 
Succession frees no Tyranny from those ; 
Faith is the ballance of Pow'rs reputation. 
That circle broken, where can man repose ? 
Since scepter-pledges, which should be sincere, 
By one false act grow bankrupt everywhere. 

286. 

Make not men's conscience, wealth and liberty. 

Servile without book to unbounded "Will ; 

Procrustes-like he racks humanity, 

That in Pow'rs own mould cast their good will ; 
And slaves' men must be by the sway of Time, 
Where Tyranny continues thus sublime. 

287. 

Observe in greatness this one abstract notion, 
That odds of place possest by spirits inferior. 
Must find strange hills and dales in every motion. 
Nature and Chance growing by turns superior ; 
Whence inward weakness never shall be able 
To keep the outward borrow'd glories stable. 

288. 
Yet above all these, tyrants must have care, 



1 SSouihoy grossly misprints ' stavos '. U. 



108 OF uwa. 

To cherrieh those Assemblies of Estate 
WMch in great Uonarchiea true glasaea arc, 
To shew men's griefs ; excesses to abate ; 

Bravo moulds for Laws ; a medium that in one 
Joyns vith content a people to the throne. 

289. 

Scsidcs a safe wrest' of these boundleBs kings 
To get supply or envylesa reform, 
Those over-stretched or relaxed strings, 
Of many members which might else deform ; 

Still* friends to thrones, who — as lords of the 
choice — 

Give life or death to all acts by their voice. 



For as in man this little world of ours, 
All objects which affect him diveraly 
With pnin or pleasure under feeling pow'rs 
Of common scnce, are summon'd presently, 
And there diminisht, judgtd, or approved. 




OF LAWS. 109 

By confluence of all States doth appear, 
TVlio nurseth peace, who multiplies contentions, 
What to the people, what to great men dear. 
Whereby soveraignity still keeps aboye 
And from her center makes these circles move. 

292. 

Again, since Parliament assembled be, 
Not for the end of one State but of all. 
Practice of no side can bo counted free, 
Anger of greatness there is short-breath'd fall ; 
Altring, displacing, raising, pulling down 
Oflfends the burroughs, adds not to the crown. 

293. 

People like sheep and streams go all one way. 
Bounded with conscience, names and liberty ; 
All other hearts enhance, do not allay 
The headlong passions they are governed by : 
Craft teacheth craft, practice goes not alone, 
But ecchoes self -wit back upon a throne. 

294. 

Small punishments fail not to multiply 
These hydra-heads, and gives them glory cheap ; 
Blood were too much, great bodies cannot die ; 
Pow'r that sows truth, may wealth and honor 
reap ; 



Men joy in war for conscience, and can dii 
Oiving their wealth to save their liberty. 



Conecience — I say — is to the people dear, 
And liberty they — like all creatures — love ; 
"What then needs any force or practice here, 
Where men npon such fkir wheels easily move ? 
It may stir jcalousic, hut cannot iricnd, 
That which both king and men ahonld make 
their end. 

296. 

Pow'r, therefore, bring all ways degenerate 
Bock to their old foundations whence they grew. 
And suffer not these pillars of estate 
By private sel&esa to become still new ; 

Of private orhs th' orizons are not great ; 

Hust they not then diminish where they treat ? 

297. 




OF LAWS. Ill 

298. 

At their will, either to dispense with Law, 
When they are made as prisons of creation. 
Or legal yokes which still more hondago draw 
By hringing penalties in reputation, 
Mild people of the throne desiring leave 
Hore specious nets on all estates to weave. 

299. 

Freedom of speech ecchoes the people's trust ; 

That credit never doth the soveraign harm ; 

Kings win the people hy the people must, 

Wherein the scepter is the chiofest charme ; 
People, like infants joy in little things, 
Which ever draws their councels imder kings. 

300. 

Cence Power often in her largest days 
Hath chosen free and active instruments. 
From subjects' faith, that in the subjects' ways 
Humbly to suffer have been well content ; 

And since man is no more than what he knows ; 

Ought he not pay that duty which he ows ? 

301. 

And what expec-t men for their lives and goods. 
But some poor fSbathers out of their own wings ? 



112 OP LAWS. 

Pardons — I mean — from those law-catching moodsy 
Which they before had begged of their kings : 

Let them speak freely, then they freely pay ; 

Each creature hath some kind of Sabbath-day.' 

302. 

Lastly, when princes most do need their own, 
People do spy false lights of Liberty ; 
Taxes there vanisht, impositions gone. 
Yet doth the parlamental subsidy 

Relieve kings wants at home with people's 

wealth, 
And shews the World that both States are in 
health. 

303. 

From these sweet mountains therefore lot us view 
The former great estates which govem'd all. 
And by the use of many people knew, 
Which way to frame things for the general ; 
Yet kept their sovcraignity above. 
By using councels not of fear, but love. 

304. 

The Roman State, — for all free States a glass — 
In bcr deliberations of weight. 



* Botes in * Lacon *, as before, makes this lino tho text 
for a well-thought, well-worded homily : pp. 202 — 3. O. 



OF I^WS. 115 

When she did strive to shun or bring to pass 
Her real councels, or well mask*t deceit ; 
Had to her five and thirty tribes recourse, 
Assembling many, to keep all from worse : 

305. 

By them determining in M^ars his field 

The denizing of realms, magistrates creation ; 

When Rome was barren, what did over jrield ; 

When Peace or War, and why, had reputation ; 
Peazing the Senate's pride, the people's rage. 
Lest the excess of one should all engage. 

306. 

And by this equal ballance kept upright 
Her far extended government and Law ; 
Till War, by over-adding imto Might 
The scale uneven did on her side draw. 
And by a martial mutinous election 
Of Emperors, biought Empire to defection. 

307. 

Far different is the course of Tyranny, 

Where man's felicity is not the end, 

By self-contracting soveraignity : 

Neither to scepter nor to people friend ; 
The mystery of iniquity being there, 
Not to assemble Parliament for fear. 

R 



308. 

Insfamcc the present brutish nipsody 
Of monkiiid tmdcr Ottoman's base line, 
Whcro if in one man should assombl^J be, 
Of their well-beings frti'Iy to define, 
What were it but a libeml cum mission, 
For them, to cast off bonda<n' by sedition. 

300. 

The true uniting Grecian polii-y. 
Of course frequented twiee in every year. 
Their ancient Amphiction SyuoJie ;' 
A purliument for many cimses de;ir, 

Aswcl at home to cur)> men's direr!) minds, 
As all encroaehing fon-ainers to bind. 



For active Pow'r must not her bounds enlarge 
By stretching crown rights — which by Law des- 
ccni] — 




OK LAWS. 115 

To taxe, impose, monopolize, or charge, 
As if both God and man's Law had no end, 
But to enhance prerogatives as far, 
By arts of Peace, as they by conquests are. 

311. 

Else when this crown assumed liberty 

Hath shuffled all distinct imperial rests, 

To give confused will soveraignity ; 

Order thus shak't in thrones, in subjects breasts 
Makes duty nothing else but servile fears, 
Where fruits alike for both. Occasion bears. 

312. 

And as these laws which bind man's birth to 

thrones, 
]Iav(» therefore, under wise kings' government, 
Never been creatures of their wills alone, 
Jiut like man-yokes made by mankind's consent ; 
So taxe again to one from many paid, 
Ts not from one voice well, but many laid. 

313. 

^fuch less ought pulpit-doctrine, still'd above 
Thorough cathedral-chairs or scepter-might. 
Short, or beyond th' Almightie's tenure move, 
Varying lier shape, as humors vary light ; 



:. mortal 



cyp-sisht 



OF LAWS. 117 

Though instnimental practice «lo refine 

The sening, not the judging poVrs of wit : 
And for uprightness, so the more unfit, 

317. 

Yet in the liberty of advocates, 
Which are of judges now the nursery, 
Fame is a glass, where govemours of States, 
!May sec what good or ill proportions bo 
In ever}' heart fram'd to do wrong or right 
Against temptations both of gain and might. 

318. 

Nor ends this work when men are chosen well, 
Some Place corrupts them as it shews them forth, 
Some humours rais'd, some humbled do excel : 
Security is no true nurse of worth : 

Therefore that spirit of Fame, which made the 
choice, 

Must still in ears of princes keep a voice. 

311). 

And whence hath Pow'r more safe intelligence ? 
Since Fame doth serve thorn at her proper cost, 
And is not thrall to grace, or to offence : 
Though sometime clcudcfl, very seldom lost ; 
And where she lies by evil information. 
She thinks retreat no Iohs of reputation. 



320. 

Wow since these rules for lows, do even like luws, 
Equally serrc the tyrant and the king ; 
This, to good uses for the puhlick cause, 
That, all mens freedom under Will to bring, 
One spider-like, the other like the bee. 
Drawing to help or hurt humanity. 

321. 

If I without distinction do set down 
These humble precepts in a common stile, 
Their difference being not' plactid in the crown. 
But craft or truth, to govern, or beguile ; 
Let him that reads in this and in the rest 
Each crudity to his fair end digest. 

' Soutbej miapIactB ' not ' before ' being.' G. 





(Dfflobilitg. 

SECT. VIII. 
322. 



HEN wise Prometheus had his fine clay 

drcst 
To fushion Man, he nothing more did shun 
Then Nature's uniformity in beasts, 
Of which by Art there can be nothing won ; 
Whence in these creatures' frame He did com- 
prize 
Many both strong and strange varieties, 

323. 

That as there divers kinds be of complexions, 

So in them there might be preheminence, 

Divers of spiiit, vigor, and affections ; 

To keep up which degrees of difference. 
Reason, of life the guardian, was ordain'd, 
As conscience to Religion was chain'd. 

324. 

And to confirm this inequality 

Have not the feigned gods in orbs above 



I 

I 



334. 

Tet miut tfai* farare magnificenca Im na'd 
Not leaHj to dUpoasess the crown, 
Either of pow'r or wealth, but ao inftis'd 
Aa it may rather raise then puli it dowu ; 
Which frogul majesty in growing Borne 
GaTe her above aj] states u lasting doom. 

335. 

For she disciiru'd, although licr wuultli wt'ni vust, 
Yet people and desire did fur exceed it, 
So OS what sprcud too far could iiev(;r IiimI, 
And for a State to give away and need it, 
SkadowB for bodies she saw were to tlioono;' 
Which must both strength and reputation I'mhu, 



The way she therefore did lAtm-rvi: Vi {intii 
Well-doing Bubject^, and eiicutmi;'.' ui'-xit, 
Were titles. trophieB, which alie did dwiMi, 
CostleM, aad yet of forco to quiclc-u vpi/ita ; 
Thus onto Africaoiu Sdpbo'a tuaiui, 



I!S4 OF KOBILITr. 

337. 

Hlb brother's simame Asiaticus 
The story was of Asia subdued ; 
Perseus captiv'd by Macedonicua : 
To lugurth, Btroight Numidioua ensued ; 

By which course as each conquest brought forth 
more 

So they by giving still encreast their store. 



Hcsides, proud princes must in their creations 

Of form, worth, number keep a providence ; 

For if too many, that waina reputation ; 

Bought worth or none, lets fall their reverence. 
With men, that think hability' to do. 
The scope croating-pow'r is bound unto. 

339. 

Tor farcwcl piiblick stiles and dignity 




OF NOBILITY. 125 

340. 

Nor must this specious body rise so high 
As it short shadows may on people cast, 
Or by reflexion dim the prince's eye 
Who creatures* over-greatness cannot taste : 
But live like clouds in middle regions blown 
Which rise and fall to make their mover known. 

341. 

Slaves with the Bomans were not justice-free : 
If all but nobles should stand so confln'd, 
What wretched state were our humanity ? 
As if stcp-mother-like, Nature combined 

With Pow'r, not only to make most men slaves. 
But in a few lords to prepare them graves. 

342. 

Such laws in Poland set so easie rates 

On mean men's lives, rate great men's lives so 

high. 
As they may murther all inferior states, 
Yet subject to no other justice He, 

Then — as for dogs— a seneeless money-fine. 

As if men were not images divine. 

343. 
Against this can it strange or wonder be. 



126 OF NOBII 

"WTiere creatures their creators « 
If princes hold their crowns by curtesio ? 
Poland and Germany are ballanc't so. 
As scepter's glory is in both these lost, 
And nothing left kings but a name to boast. 

344. 

Fair Albion, when she swel'd with subjects' worth, 
And by her princes' merits gather'd fume. 
Examples then did to the "World bring forth. 
That over-greatness often sways great frames ; 
Instance her active barons' martial pride, 
Which helpt the royal issue to divide. 



Likewise while glorious Xaplcs did enjoy 
Of home-bom princes the felicity, 
Yet even then, pccr-greatncsa did annoy 
That dainty scepter with strange mutiny. 

As oft as to the Pope it seemed good. 

To Bcrre his turn by hot aspiring blood ; 




OF NOBILITY. 127 

Keeping men like reeds, to his self-ends bent, 
jiy making new Rome with her o^v^l content. 

347. 

Kings therefore that would not degenerate 
Their scepter-arts to artless^ Anarchy, 
To many, few, or any other state, 
Must wisely bound their own nobility ; 

Not raising men by charge, but specious shew, 
Not yet so high as they may overgrow. 

348. 

In Scotland their hereditary sheriffs 
— Each is a vice-roy in his native shire ; — 
Add oft to piince's dangers, people's grief ; 
Justice 80 like to faction looking there, 

As men are sometimes forc't to fall from kings 
For shadow, under subaltemate wings. 

349. 

Princes then know it to be ominous 
For you to spread or to participate 
That pow'r creating, which doth govern us. 
Either to baseness, still unfortunate ; 

Or else to such a strengtlmed corporation. 
As easily cannot wave her reputation. 



Unskilful, as before. G. 



The luatrc wherein Pow'r is mngnificd 
Being only to command that tame wild beast, 
People I mean, who oft prove dungerous tied,' 
And love eqoality undistinguisht bent ; 

Against who;* rage there is no better fence, 
Then wcll-adTised Pow'r may hare from hen 

351. 

Where else, while both nobility and kings 
To poize themselves — as neither eon be great — 
The people pulling feathers from both winga : 
"Will first like equals, not like suhjeets, treat 
Of all prerogatives, and then aspire 
To bo the doom' or standard of desire. 



Wherefore this great and little corpomtion 
Should be so temper'd as thoy both may give 
Unto their head a strengt lining reputation. 




•F l^i 



■e*« 



•••##. 



Tit «nv55!au!!L 2'<w z ^yTnti fanmir sOtml u«mtr^ 



•»»»*i. 



3f or w€S^ iLrfe rxTTt*^ r>ir 30 pcv^,^* 
Of grrcB iKo:*s2v bui ibty dii rv^^nv 

Pbcelms wt-H did lis Kmi<h.mont dt ::*^r\ o 

Bj ofTirring to these thunder- \vv>rkors wixmv^j; ; 
Cyclop*, which to his father did IvKniir^ 

Now when these ehhing, or still Ht»\vin^ vstatOvH» 
Thrones wisely have with bouiuLs ostablinln^l ; 
Then that this frame prove not unfortunate, 



» Cf. St. 348. G. 

» Cf. 8t. 118th, line 4th. G. 

* Cf. St. 22l8t and rclativo nolo. Thut iniiMniluI olil 
book " Polite juphia : Wit'n ConnnonwiMilth " ipiolnM thin 
bit from Lactantiu8 '* Kin^H an tliry iin« mcti lioluin Utitl, 
80 are they j?o(lfl befon- nion." (*. 
1 



130 OK NOBILITY. 

Foe to itself, and doubtful to the head ; 

Tow'r must with constant stem of govern mont, 
Suppress dividing humorous* discontent. 

356. 

Especially that brutish ostentation 

Of private courage, which sets life and soul 

Not only at a trivial valuation, 

But lifts a subject farro above his roll, 

Into the princely orb of making laws ; 

As judge and party in his private cause. 

357. 

Which confident assumings, if they be 
Suffred, do much allay' the soveraign right. 
Since all the moulds of fame and infamy, 
Povv'r of man's life and death, be acts of Might, 

And must be form'd by Majesty alone ; 

As rovalties inhoreut to a throne. 

358. 

Whose delicate complexion is such, 

That if in any member it be wounded, 

It gangrenos tdl ; nay when man doth but touch 



' Capricious!: so in Shuk.s])oar«' fnHiueutly. cj. 
*' Aliav — l«>w<u'. (t. 



OF NOBILITY. 131 

Her mysteries, then is her state confounded : 
Besides, who as king, dare kill a man, 
As man again will kill kings, if he can. 

359. 

Lastly, where many states become united 
Under one throne, though not one government, 
Civil dissentions easily are invited, 
And in man's nature — ever discontent — 
Under the colour of a private feud, 
^fore mischief stirr'd up is then understood. 

360. 

Thus absolute powers that will respected live, 
^lust govern greatness with a greater mind, 
And care their actions may no scandal give. 
As unto change or littleness inclin'd ; 
But with a constiint universal care, 
Make them good subjects that ill people are. 




(Df (Eomnurct. 

SECT. IX. 

361. 

HEN these gods saw mankind's simplicity 
Wander with beasts, as fellows in crea- 
tion, 

To both their thirsts alike the water free. 
Acorns their food, Earth bed and habitation ; 
They take compassion, and from heaven sent 
Their spirits, who did handicrafts invent. 

362. 

Which mysteries the slownes of man's wit. 
In many years could else not have attained : 
That as men grew, so they might learn to fit 
Nature with Art, to be by them maintain'd ; 

And on the Earth find hcarbs for food and 
health, 

As well as underneath it, mines for wealth. 

363. 

To which end Ceres down to Sicil came 
And spread her fruitful art of sowing grain, 
As Bacchus taught the Naxians how to frame 



OF COMMKKCE. 133 

The grape for wine ; and Pallas shcw'd the vein 
Of planting olives, which do hear her name, 
A goddess motherless, bom of his brain, 
That over all the other gods did raign. 

364. 

Which wisdome likewise first taught men to hide 
Their naked skin, that bears no native wool! ; 
And bv chaste Pallas did reveal beside, 
How from the worm, of silken riches full. 

The people's hands might work choice robes for 
kings ; 

Which since the pride of man, in common brings. 

365. 

Again, when mankind was thus finely taught 
To use the Earth, with all that on it grew, 
Instantly Vulcan, through her bowels sought 
For precious mcttals, then to people new ; 

Helping this common dame of our's the Earth, 
By many mid wives, unto many births, 

366. 

Lastly, lest one clime should abound and burst 
Starving the rest, which of their store had need ; 
Tliis active Pallas likewise was the first 
That found, and giive these moving bridges speetl 



Ab well to import, as to carry forth, 
. From zone to zone all richessw of worth, 

367. 

Aud of her loving father did obtitin 
Castor and Pollux, as two saving lights. 
To calme the atonns, which hidden do remain 
In furrows of the Ocean's face, who apites 
To have his deep complexion without leave 
Flough'd np by those, that venture to deceive. 

368. 

Thua did these gods, o'le great to douht the might 
Of all the World, though pride and wealth they 

Apt to conspire against the ways of right. 
In hope to make soveraignity still new ; 

Yet suffer men to grow in wealth and pride. 
As hclpa not to unite them, but divide. 

309. 




OF COMMERCE. 135 

370. 

For long ere Jove, slye Mercury enjoyn*d 

By the advantage of his golden tongue, 

To fashion grounds, from whence Arts might be 

coyn'd, 
To leave the weak, and qualifie the strong. 
With an attentive sweet obedience, 
Htlping his reason, to command his sencu. 

371. 

Long, as I said, ere this felicity 
l)id these ingenious* goddesses descend ; 
And in that golden time's simplicity. 
As unto need, and not excesses friend, 
So finely Art and J^ature mixe in one, 
As made Pow'r rich with more then was her 
own. 

372. 

Thus see we in this native image-light 
No lack where Art and Nature joyned be ; 
Who therefore will in idleness delight. 
And make not doing his felicity. 



' Ingenuous. U. 



As Eurth by him tiinis wilderness ngiiin 
So Katuru in him rusts for lack of pain.' 

373. 

T^bor and tare then must familiar bo. 
Thorough the vigor of men's cducution 
To give mankind against necessity 
Protection, in some honest occupation, 
And all grow undertakers, not a dtoiic : 
Both ignorance and idleness unknown. 

374. 

To which end Pow'r must nurseries erect, 
And those trades cherish which use many hands. 
Yet such as more by pains then skill'd effect. 
And so by spirits, more then vigor stand ; 
AVhoreby each creature may it self sustain, 
And who excel add honor to their gain. 



ijuintosencc confi'ite(] 




OF COMMERCE. 137 

Art works to make men rich that are not good ; 
A base, whereon all governments have stood. 

376. 

Venice, that famous merchant-Common-wealth 
liaised her rich magnificence by Trade, 
Of coasts, towns, creeks, — erst refuges for stealth, — 
iVlong the midland sea she suburbs made ; 

Spices of -^gypt, Barbario's fine gold ; 

All works of Syria her marts bought and sold. 

377. 

A city, till the Indian trade was known, 
That did like Europe's exchequer fill and spread, 
Adding more provinces unto her own, 
By mines of money with her traffick fed, 
Then martial Philip had subdued in Greece, 
Or he whose art brought home the Golden 
Fleece. 

378. 

"Where to re with curious* prospect these proud kings 
Ouj;ht to survey the Commeuce of their Land; 
New tiades and staples still establishing, 



' TiKjuiaitive, iuquiriuf^, careful. See Mr. W. A. 
Wright's IJible Word Book, .«. t*. as before. G. 



!3R OF COVMEBCF. 

So to improve the work of every hand, 

As each may thrive, and by etehimge, the tlirouc 
Grow rich indeed, because not rich aloac. 



Whose misteries, though tearniM mechanical, 
Yet feed Pow're triumphs, nurse necessity 
By venting, changing, raising, letting fall. 
Framing works both for use and vunlty 

Id mutual traffick, which, while marts stand 
fair. 

Make Nature's wealth, as free as is lier air. 

380. 

To ballancc these by equal weights or measure. 
The audit of our own must bo tlie guide 
As what for use, for honour, gain or pleasure 
At home now is, or else might be supply'd : 
The rest so by exchange to rise or lull, 
Aa while none loose, wo yet may gain by all. 




OF COMMKKCE. 139 

Which — like a torrent — fails not to break out, 
Leaving with loss of faith both States in doubt. 

382. 

80 when these little limbs of great estates 
By craft become on either side opprest, 
Can Wit bind Pow'r with her deceiving rates, 
Or hatch her cuckoes in the eagle's nest ? 

Ko : mai'ts and trades, which Nature's standards 
be 

Straight find, and break this inequality. 

383. 

Thus did the Hanse's sometimes tyrannise 

Tlie northern piinces in their infancy 

( )f trade and commerce ; till with time gi'own 

wise, 
Kings saw how crowns deceived with homage bo ; 
"Which once discerned, these contracts won by 

stealth. 
Can never stand to harm a Common- wealth. 

384. 

Now under merchant, miner, clothier, plough, 
Arc all these arts and mysteries contained. 
Which out of each do teach our princes how 
Their pomp in war and peace may be maintain'd ; 



OF COMSTEBCE. 

. whose clioicc, use, g 



Though bullion wants, yet Status n 






385. 

All whiuh rich mines, made for the good of all, 
Are yet abus'd by short brcath'd wits that will 
The price and trae encouragements let fall 
Of industry ; and CJceelience in skill ; 

Hoping through ignorance, deceit, and stealth. 
While they loose art and credit, to get wealth. 

386, 

Tho cui-c of which contagious disease 
Rests only in the pow'r of Government, 
That must with real arts her people raise ; 
Not marre her markets to give fraud a vent, 
And can almost as well make flesh and blood. 
As artisans, that shall be true and good. 





Yet must there bo a kind of faith prpserx'd 
Even in the cooitneree of the vanity, 
That with true arts their mnrketB may bo aervV 
And credit kept to keep them great and I'reo ; 
Weiglit, number, measure truly joyn'd in on( 
By trade with all States to t-nrich our own. 



Among which mass of arts, if one too much 
Draw up, then tralHck stands, and realms grow 

Whereas in States well temper'd to bo rich, 
Arts be the men's, and men the princes are ; 
Form, matter, trade, so working every where, 
Ab goverment may find her riches there. 

390. 

Then must the suprcam I'ow'r, tliis wnkc-ful spirit. 

Observe proportion in her industry, 

Never her own from truffio disinherit, 

But keep extbange tn due eiiuality ; 
Not bringing homo more then she carries forth. 
Nor baying toys.' vntii things of staple worth : 

' Trifle*, bnubles. O. 



But work her matter with her home-born hands, 
And to that use fetch forraiga matters too, 
Jlujing for toys the wealth of other lands,' 
To gain by all the good or ill they do ; 
Keep up the bullion — for it doth calico — 
Tet not transport it, for 'tis prejudice, 

392. 

Wherein wise princes ought to imitate 

The Saracen's imiching-industry. 

Who .Egypt's wealth brought to their barren 
State, 

Enticing vice by far-fotcht vanity ; 

And for their ostridgc-fcnthors, toys of pride, 
Get staple worth from all the world beside. 



Which as a watth-word, shows Pow'r may impose, 
"With less hurt on the commerce of delight ; 




OF COMMRHCE. 1 43 

394. 

Thus the Sabcans heapt up mass of treasure, 
By venting incense unto every Nation, 
Aswel for Superstition as for pleasure ; 
Thus Syria got by balsam, estimation 

And milions brought by custom to the Jew ; 

Wealth kept for him that their State overthrew. 

395. 

Hence trains the Hollander his little child, 

To work toys for the vanity of us. 

And in exchange our cloth to them we yield ; 

Wise men and fools, even servo each other thus, 
The standard of the whole world being seen 
To furnish her's, by carriage out and in. 

396. 

Now though wise kings do by advantage play 
With other States, by setting tax on toyes, 
Which, if leagues do permit, they justly may. 
As punishment for that ^'ice which destroys ; 
As real things yet must they careful be. 
Here and abroad to keep them custome free : 

397. 

Providing cloth aud food no burthen bear : 



H4 OF COSIMERCE. 

Then equally distributing of trade, 

So as no one rule, what we cut or wear, 

Or any town the gulf of all be made ; 

For though from few wealth soon be had and 
known, , 

And still the rich kept scr^-ile by their own ; 

398. 

Yet no one city rich, or exchequer full 
Gives States such credit, strength or reputation. 
As that foreseeing long-brcatli'd wisdom will. 
Which, by a well-disposing of creation, 
Breeds universal wealth, gives all content, 
Ib both the mine and scale of Government. 



Admit again the Holland indnstr}' 
Lay tax on victual, spare their morehandisi 
Tot in it not gionnd for a monarchy, 
To view his own fmiiio with dcniocrute e 




OF COMMERCE. 14o 

Of that great lord, wlio his vast wealth allay* d* 
By bringing all those cities into three ?•' 

^\"hich three prove greedy ill digesting wombs. 
Not treasuries of wealth, but rather tombs. 

401. 

And while the forraign gulfs I thus discrilw), 
My wish is that I may not seem to stain 
Some o*re-8woln city of the Albian-tribe, 
A\Tiich starving many, smother'd doth remain, 
And yet will not be cured of this grief, 
Jiy yielding to the neighbor towns relief. 

402. 

Moreover, fix and marshal in such wise 

Pow'r commerce must, of strangers with her own, 

As neither may the other tyrannize, 

But live like twins out of one body grown ; 

The strangers ships not banisht, nor their ware, 
Which double custome brings, and gages are. 

403. 
No monopolies suffered in the land, 

Alloyed, = dimiiiished. G. 
ConstaDtinopks Cairo, Aleppo. B. 

K 



146 

AH iotorpoling' practices withstood, 
la merchast-lawB, a constant gentle hand 
Imposing, parrallel'd with letting blood ; 
The bullion not enhancM nor embased. 
The forrainers not dandled or diagraced. 



404. 

Lastly, she labor must to draw her marts 
Within her ports, and so the strangers wealth. 
Framing such laws and rates for fomdn parts, 
As public commerce may be kept in health ; 
Their goods as pawns, their industry as vents 
To multiply our trafflck, shipping, rents. 



40!i. 

"^V'hieh may be done in any f^i-at estate, 
Whose native riches othein do exceed 
la real worth, and thereby may give rate, 
And draw homo forrain States by gain or need ; 
But where this wants, there treaty must supply, 




OF COMMERCE. 147 

40r,. 

Ho had t)mt worthy, great, and maiden Queen, * 
If she had liv'd, brought home that staple wealth 
Of the ^Cuscovian empire to have been 
Conjoin'd with hers, for either countrey's health ; 
He selling his here dearer then elsewhere, 
8ho fixing for them both a staple here ; 

407. 

And when these had been stapled here together, 

The silks and riches of all other parts, 

Must needs huYe follow'd these great standards 

hither, 
With sucli lis live by commerce or by arts ; 
A work already by experience known. 
Trade havinj; staid or changed with our's alone. 

408. 

And though the stranger rarely will commit 
His ship and ware to island princes* States, 
Yet if he wen 1th or freedom find with it. 
Fear of imbargo it easily abates ; 

Since by the present gain, if evil come, 
He hath to buy, or bear out heavy doom. 



Uueen Elizabeth. B. 



409. 

Tht'irfoTO let thrones, whnae States hove seaa to 
friend 

Rtiuly by trade to makf her navies gTi«t ; 

As f;loriou3 engines, wlicn they will offend, 

5InRiiitieent theiiti-nn when they treat, 

Dridges that will traiiaport, and moving tow'rs. 
To carry in and out triumpliing Pow'rs. 

■110. 

I'uder which safe, yet moving policy, 

hid linitt! Athena miike the inlinite 

b'ortcs of Xerxes out of G R-ece to fly ; 

I.epiinto likewise proves the Christian's might 
Able by sea to shake thi! Turkish pow'r, 
Wliere liis hind-iirmiea all the "World devour. 

All. 



Kiiplond, this little, yet Tntnh eiivy'd isle. 




OF COMMKkCE. 149 

412. 

'J'o which end kings must strive to add a spirit 

Unto the mariner, in war and peace ; 

A minister of use and double merit, 

Trained without charge, to travel without cease ; 
Pow'r hath no nobler, nor yet surer way 
Then that by which both save and get they may. 

413. 

Now though this course of tniffick may appear 
To multiply strange shipping, not our own, 
Vet in the practice all States find it cleer, 
That still by traffick marincre have grown ; 

As ships by manufactures multiply, 

And where good ships be us'd, vents cannot dye. 

414. 

Instance of both the Xetlierlanders be, 

Who have cncrcast their shipping with their marts, 

Adding to each by that fair industry 

Of manufactures, many fonning arts. 

By wealth and concourse of all other nations, 
Even in war, grown rich with reputation. 

415. 

And thuugli of staple riches they have none. 



i Xii^. iis T-ii n-^z ima."r. 



Zr^:^ :tT sajc, :aeze 



Ki'ii^r>^: — tf.'; type -rf Eier-jkn.--' j->lit; 
Wh<:f.l,T h«; rai-:'.t!. oi I^t* :\.:: ^11 thin 




OF COMMERCE. 151 

But from the heart each limb receive his health ; 
Tlie crown relicv'd without restraint or craving, 
By tributes for our safety, of our saving 

419. 

In all which fair particulars recited, 
Pow'r shall concurrence and assistance find 
From every subject, with self-ends invited, 
To improve arts, Earth, men in every kind, 
Making the harvest great, the labor small. 
By doing all things with the help of all. 

420. 

Now, if against these noble mines of wealth, 

Any from forrain strains of tiranny, 

With colour to keep all degrees in health. 

Would bind or limit this prosperity, 
As nursing pride and luxury in one : 
Vices that easily climb up to a throne ; 

421. 

And out of these false grounds make Pow'r con- 
ceive 

Poverty to be the best end of subjection ; 

lict him, to judge how much these mists deceive, 

First, put himself in povertie's protection, 
And h(? shall find all wis^loms that suppress, 
Still by misfonning, make their own forms less. 



Ifi OF COMIIKKCE. 

422. 

Kor every open heart knowa riclii-s be 
The safest gugca to keep men in pence, 
Whose nnturcs cannot rest in misery, 
No more then flesh can, till her anguish ceoae 
So that who over slaves do tyrannize 
By choice, are neither truly great nor wiae. 

423. 

Therefore proud princes ever must propound 
That royal and ingenious' design 
Of making uU men rich, not minute bound, 
And to the same end, study to rednc 
Nurseries for traffick, mysteries and art. 
To furnish equal wealth in every part. 



For poor then, tell me, how can scepters be 
When oil their subjects shall in wealth abound ? 
Or how, not great in fame and majesty 




OF COMMEKCE. 153 

425. 

Besides, severely here may laws proceed 
Against the drone, the vagrant, or the thief, 
Where occupations doe supply men^s need, 
And labor give each family relief ; 
Lastly, how can men's spirits mutiny here, 
Where each man's private, to himself is deer ? 



(Of (Eroton ^cbcnuc. 



1HE aacicnt sages took our Earth to lie 
A simple clement of one complexion,' 
Differing onely in variety 
Of heata and cold from heavenly reflexion ; 
But Nature which con never bo confiu'd 
To narrow contemplations of one mind, 

427. 

This abstract dream of former time confutes ; 
For in the circuit of one clirac her womb 
Compos'd as various is, aa are her fruits ; 
Here gold for life's use, marble for hi'r tomb, 

.^ of sihtr, thiTL' quiclt mercury. 




OF CBOWN BEVEXTTE. 165 

428. 

Which sweet variety doth not proceed, 
From influence, or temper by the sun ; 
But from the first diversity of seed 
Which did through her created vessels run, 

And to the heat — as tributes — pay their springs 
Which unto ripeness Phoebus after brings. 

429. 

Cold Gei-many thus yields from her deep mines 
Under the Earth, a lasting spring of treasure, 
Thus Hungary, where Phcebus ncerer shines. 
Above the Earth, yields native wealth and plea- 
sure ; 
As in her center she besides contains 
Of gold and silver many hidden veins. 



430. 



Hence agiiin France, though ever martial bent. 
Was by her late Fourth Henry's policy. 
Known for a paradice-like continent : 
Who out of that discem'd fertility 

Both multiplied the crown, and people's part, 
Bv Nature's emulation with his art. 



156 OF CHOWN HBTENCE. 

431. 

From both which mincx in and above the Earth, 
Saturc excludca the sloth of each degree, 
Ofiing the riches of hnr many births, 
Ondy where she her self gives industry ; 
As if both man and things, must there consent 
Where wealth is multiplied to ornament. 



For as rich Nature is the mould of plenty ; 
So Art again is Nature's consummation : 
Again, as Phcebus' throne in stuff was dainty, 
And yet tho work of far more estimation ; 

So under kings, not Earth, or creatures dumb. 
But art of man it is that yields tho sum. 



Pow'r thuretbro, that these pillars of estate 
Church, laws, trade, honor have established, 
Must then tJiko care as equally to rate 




Where thcj" find wealth in Bovcraignity, 
As thty which need keep no intclligcnco ; 
Besides the example of firugality. 

By eutting of excess, that else consumes ; 

Tempers proud Vice, which otherwise presumes. 

13 J. 

Agnin, for wealth though these ftiir grounds be' 

hiid, 
Aud treasure gotten by thcM harmlesg mines ; 
If Order yet bo not as well obcy'd 
In the cxpencc, wealth suddenly declines ; 

And want, pressing through man's faults, on 

the erown. 
Mdre futility pidls kin^ and people down. 



Tlierefore ought moBarcha to be provident, 

in weighing things, which though they tri^-ial 

Yet are of consequence in Government : 
As ditferenco of diet, custome, clime ; 

Since high rois'd Athens, and Pincum' port, 
Had maimers, and oskt' laws of dilfercnt sort : 



' Jliiprinted 'ho'. O. 
' Soatfao)- mMprinU ' nckt '. 



' The Pinnas. Q, 



158 OP CHowir BRVEStFE. 

487. 

Whcncu I conclude that northern princes must 
Cheriah the staple rent of their dcmcBDes, 
And to their own inhcritancca trust, 
Which to the crown of old did appertain. 
At least by Parliaments supplj their luat ;' 
Else shall these kings bo easily overthrown, 
That taxe and give the people's with their own. 

43B. 

And though tho finer heats scorn these safe stays 
Of Ckown Retebues, as if pow'r and \nt 
From people's wealth might endless pro&t raise, 
Yet in the practice who obaervcth it, 

Should find those taxes which tho South brooks* 
well. 

Do often make the colder climes rebol. 

439. 

well observes a monarchy. 




OF CBDWK KETRrrE. 



So thot oppression, which makes holh sidi's p'nn-, 
Ought to Iiavc entrance at a narrow door. 



Agnin in taxes, diifercDccs be : 
Some from tho crown's preropitivo alone, 
Pleading an orcr-mcking pedigree, 
Others by Pitrliumeuta, so mute the throne 
With commen people's good, as but excess 
Nothing eon thence nsc, to make scepters loss. 



Franco then, thoii Urge extended mnnurchy, 
Keep to thy self tho charge of crown-domesno, 
For hlcoling taxes which hrood misery 
Jn men, and so reflect on crowns again, 
By forcing tlicm to soil tribonal aeata : 
Which make tby jnstieo vile, tby judges great. 



Lewis th' Eleventh, of cruit uot miijesty, 
The perfect type, being aski'd what the crown 
Revenues might of France amount to be. 
Said, France a meadow wos, which mow it down, 
As oft as nocd or pleasure did rcijuire, 
Wonid yet grow up aguin to feed desire. 



443. 

Where* maje^ indw-d ia kept above 
Br true magnifii^ence, rais'd of her own, 
Kiot a sttep is where SUU-« hcaiiliHig moTc ; 
The rage of Pow'r ia by low-stooping known. 
For aa, bnt miters, few bv $lewa do grt. 
So who but Segars' tax on brtathinjt set? 

444. 

Kingi then that would have their magnificence 
Tu be maintain'd bv springs which should not fs 
Must with that council keep intelligence. 
Wherewith the dying fanner did prevail. 

To make his children dig his vine for gold. 

Who found it not in mcttal, bat in mould. 

445. 

This vineyard in a king is his demesne, 

Joyn'd with that art of arts, which man improves 

And envyless makes active monarclis reign. 




OF CROWN KEVENUE. Idl 

446. 

Aguin, prerogatives in Government, 

Which priviledg'd Pow'r at first to take, then prise 

What might her true necessity content, 

Slings should not multiply, to prejudice 

That infancy, where men, by what they gave, 
The rest intended for their use to have. 

447. 

But where excess of times makes Pow*r exceed 

This safe equality of old foundations ; 

Rather with temperance qualifie that need. 

Then strain old words to modem intimation, 
And thereby wrack men to provide for more 
Excess, then all those ages knew before. 

448. 

Of which excess, whether the root proceed 
From humours naturally unsatiate, 
Or casually made violent by need ; 
Odious those cures are which equivocate, 

As did Caligula when by quirks of Law 

Sibi et suis he to sons did draw. 

449. 
Aud though it for a wisdom of estate 

L 



163 OF CHOWM KETzmjE. 

Enrolled be in the senatG-housc of Rome, 
^'hen thev with Carthage did capitulate, 
That she must from her old sca-niiracs come ; 
Inferring — city — signified no wall. 
But laws, which men obey and rule withal. 



Whereby although more got was then waa meant, 

And by advantage 0141 acts mode good ; 

Yet what this adds to any govemmcnt. 

Is in dishonour ever understood ; 

Since crafty webs, which oft serve present turn 
To worn times comiug, do like beacons bum. 

451. 

Besides, if pomp of princes must exceed. 

In those kinds t'other let their riot be. 

Whoso natures though they leave tho crown in 

need, 
And so embasc the state of ntiijcafy ; 

Yet keep the bullion still ivithin the land ; 




OP CBOWN REVENtlE. 163 

Give kings and people mutual cause to grieve, 
At that extreme and fatal consequence 
Of coin transported by misgovemment. 

453. 

Among^ whose many heads, though of the chief, 
Is that most idle and unmeasured charge 
Of loagcr* agents sent to take a brief, 
How forrain princes alter, or enlarge 

Alliance, councels, undertakings, trade ; 

Pio\ision8 to defend, or to invade. 

454. 

Which indigested pomp was never known 
Nor us'd of old, but in the factorage 
Of merchants' States to pass away their own. 
By making princes* marts their proper stage, 
Whereby exchange, wjnt, folly, or desire 
To self ends they let fall, or raise things higher. 



' Sou they misprints * amongst ' G. 

' More usually Mcigcr ' : a resident or ambassador at a 
foreign cuurt or an attendant on the 8er>'ice of another. 
8hakoei)earo has it twice ** everlasting Ui^er *' (Me.'isur«) 
for Measure, iii, 3) and ** unpeople her of leigerh ** (Oym- 
heline i. 6). So * legato '. G. 



f CBOWN REVEKVE. 



455. 



Else springs it from improper imitittion 
Of that long breath'd incroaching court of Borne, 
Which to give her atain'd wares deer valuation, 
And govern all by superstitious doom ; 
From her false ark these cormorants st'nds forth. 
To prey on everything they find of worth. 

456. 

And to that end retaineth every where 

A spy, promoter, treasurer, and mint ; 

"Whose chaise those humble provinces must beiir. 

That are besides, exhausted without stint, 
By priests who cherish for their pride and gain 
Those sins the very heathen did restrain. 

457. 

The narrow center of which tloiater wit, 
As it seeks to contract the Deity, 
In finite frumes of Art contriv'd by it ; 
e acts of hiiT 




OF CROWX REVENUE. 1 o5 

Which feathers soar in'forrain eagles wings ? 

From whence there can no other profit grow, 
But vainly by expence of wealth, to buy 
The vicious forms of forrain tyranny. 

459. 

And so, by these mistrained instruments 
Bring Faction home among the liberal arts. 
With her unequal moulds of Government, 
To traffick or distract the people's hearts ; 
Free denizing^ that practical deceit, 
By which not small but great States gather 
weight. 

460. 

Out of the insight of which error, many 
Wise kings this modem course have alter'd, 
And rarely either sent, or taken any. 
Unless for present good occasioned 

To treat of marriage, commerce, peace or war ; 

In which returns the expences answered are. 

461. 
Again, since as of duties, so expence, 



* To make a ^ denizen ' is to admit to reeidenoe in a 
place with certain priyilegcs. G. 



166 or CBDWH BETKNVS. 

There io a divers nature and degree. 
Kings in the choice of their magnificence. 
Though absolute tbaj seem, yet cannot be ; 
But bound amongst tho many heads of charge 
Chiefly their fame or empire to cnhirge. 



Nay, even in these expences which bo founded 

Upon tho laws of Nature, honor, State ; 

Wise princes with their fortunes must be bounded, 

Since all cxccssos be unfortunate, 
And do not onely prejudice a throne, 
But leave so creature master of his own. 

463. 

Of this kind, charge of children, buildings be, 
JIo use-keeping, furnitures, gifts and rewords, 
All lively shadows of Authority, 
To multiply obedience and regard ; 

Wherein yet kings should therefore keep a 




OP CROWN REVENUE. 167 

Wliich gives the work and workmen repntation ; 
And so again by all ing;enious^ ways 
Descending rents not impositions ndse. 

465. 

And when with these fair cautions princes have 
Forrain revenues, and their native rents, 
Disposed thus both to beget and save, 
They may with costless grace or disgrace vent 
Men's thought8, and frame their duo obedience 
More then can be wrought in them by expence. 

466. 

For kings are types of heavenly excellence. 
How be it drawn in finite colours mixt, 
With pow'r and wit, both earthly influence ; 
Yc*t were but these arts in our princes fixt, 
How to be strong by others' love and might. 
Their States would soon clime far above their 
right. 

^ Ingenuoos, aa before. Q. 



(Df gtacc. 



467. 

3&ACE ia the next in order, first iu end ; 
As the most perfect state of Oovem- 
ment, 

Where Art and Nature each to other friend, 
iDnlai^ the crown by giving men content ; 
And what by laws within and k'ag;ues without, 
Leaves nothing but prosperity to doubt. 

466. 

So that in her orbe there is left for kings 
(Jrcot undertakings, far beyond the flight 
<tr pitch, of any lower-feathcr'd wings : 
The charge, core, council being infinite ; 
As undertaking range' of Time, and aeaa, 
"Which tyrant-like, to ruine else finds ways. 




OF PEACE. 169 

Rebuilding monuments, or towns defuccd, 
Cleansing of havens, draining dry of fcnns, 
Fitting out brooks, and mears* for navigation, 
All works of princely art, charge, reputation. 

470. 

Such was the cleansing of the ^Egyptian sluces, 
Which got Augustus ornament and food, 
For his PiTctorian bands, and people's uses ; 
In this kind provM the Appian high- way good ; 

Those publick works which active States bring 
forth, 

Shewing the stranger maps of wealth and worth. 

471. 

ThiTel'oi-e kings' providence should still adorn 

Xature's producementa, by the pow'r of Art ; 

Hut to subvert her frames proves scepters scorn ; 

Through Athos, who yet sails in any part ? 

Is Corinth*s Istmus from the main-land torn? 
('iesiir\s vain dreams, as if falFn flattering Borne 
Over the free-made elements, had doome. 

472. 
The ba.se of great works, and the majesty, 



170 OF PBACB. 

Is when the worlccra. pov'r aod wudom shew, 

Both in tho use and possibility ; 

So over later,' Trajan's bridge did goo ; 
Amosis Bed Cheops how can Time forgive, 
Who in their UBcless pyraniids would live ? 

473. 

!N^cs.t, nnd of more refined policy, 
The founding is of these sw&et nurseries, 
Where knowledge and obedience multiply 
The fume and sinews of greut monarchies ; 

As schools, which finely do between the sencc 
And Nature's large forms, frame intelligence. 

474. 

Unto which end in Achd, Athens, Crcct, 
Rhodes, Lacedcmon, and more, were erect 
Illustrious stutea, and pifidagogies meet, 
By reason nnd example to protect 

The coming ages from that barborisme 

Which first breeds ignorance, and after schiame. 




OF PEACE. 171 

To plant the muses in the Boldiers' eyes ; 

Such means to move or qualifie they arc ; 
WTiere, in the Turks excess of tiranny, 
These dainty Nymphs excel' d for ever bo. 

476. 

And to give more faith to this sympathy, 

Which between Mars and Muses ought to rest, 

The poets in idea's far more free, 

Then any other arts of mortal breast. 

Have in their fables ever shew'd them mixty 
As, if divided, neither could be fixt. 

477. 

Hence feign they, when Jove sent bis daughters 

nine, 
To polish Greece, he would not have them pass 
Alone, exposed to every savage myno 
Or rage, where in the Earth abundant was ; 

But gave them Hercules for such defence, 

As active Vertue is to Innocence. 

478. 

Have not again these muses, when they sing 
The lo Faan of their thundering father, 
ApoUo, with his shafts nock't^ in the string, 

^ = notched: the arrows set on the string. Q. 



For consoTt of their ijuire or manter rather? 

To ahow where Tmth chains not men by the ear. 
There savage nature most be rai'd by fear. 

479. 

Whence amongst all the famnu^ victorie:}, 
Which old Rome Erom the Eiist did triumph on. 
Even that of Fulrias did deserre the prize. 
Who for a trophy of Pow'r overthrown 

Bronght home the statues of these sisters nine 

And that of Hercules, alike divine.' 

480. 

For which the city did a temple build, 
Aa spoils that their god Mars did better fit. 
Then all those dainties which fine Asia yield. 
Or curious cobwebs of -ligyptiau wit. 

Plenties of Xylus, wealth of Slatedone ; 

WTiich helpt not to rjise up. but wain a throne. 




OF PEACE. 173 

The mind of which brave Nation was in this 
To shew that Fame but Vertue's shadow is. 

482. 

Now, though it rarely be to be expected 

That all kings perfect should, like Cajsar, be ; 

Who in himself both muse and Mars erected, 

At least with Trajan's ingenuity : 

Let them that do in either branch excel, 
Still, in the other, cherish doing well. 

483. 

And as the elephant, who not created 
To swim, yet loves and haunts the water's shear ; 
So let wise Pow*r in mighty empires stated, 
Though boast they cannot in the muses' store, 
Yet honor spirits of Parnassus free, 
As knowing best what fits humanity. 

484. 

Nor is the building of the muses' cell 
Pow'r' s chief work, but to manage every spirit, 
And frame each science so to doing well, 
As States and men may multiply by merit ; 
All arts prefer' d by odds of practick use. 
The meer contemplative scom'd as abuse. 



Cfaieflf tLu cell'ait of the wraji yifn^ moa^ 
Captinng both man'* tcamq and hi* wtce. 
In firGaou of yeAtenlaj, whi;rGwiili these traol 
Strive to corrupt divine intelli^QiTe ; 
Their aominal and real peiUjw:^ 
Bein;; but descent* of curioui vanities. 



And hence it is the acts of peace and wv 
Sever Tecoriitd htre so bravely were. 
As Then ihtm: abstract wits liv'd not to nuir. 
By pwhing their food visions chiincts' bt^ar. 

Of these men's deeds ; who, what by sword they 
won. 
By pcu as lively rcgi.«Tcd to man. 

487. 

For as that active woith waj then adtnir'd. 
The effects it wrousht being of lar?;e extent ; 




OP PEACE. 175 

488. 

Meaning that when Time's iron days should blast 

That manly discipline of doing well, 

The art of writing should no longer last ; 

Like Nature's twins that must together dwell ; 
Doing and writing being each to other, 
As bodies be of their own shadow*s mother. 

489. 

This was the form, the birth, the education, 
And art of that age, which did train her own, 
To keep up great estates in reputation, 
Making them stand, by worth, as they had grown ; 
And drawing men from visions of abuse 
To arts, whereof both war and peace find use. 

490. 

In which account of objects still, are life, 
Speech, manners, scepter, sphear. Earth, shield 

and sea, 
All Reason's children, by the Senco, his wife, 
Fram'd to guide Nature in an active way ; 

Whether she would be rich, or serve her need ; 

Kaising no trophies for her, but by deed. 

491. 
Now when of monarchies the mother-scat 



OP PEACE. 177 

494. 

Whereas that first and well united frame 
With head and members joynM to one end, 
Can bring forth nothing to divide the same. 
Each in the whole to it self being friend, 
Whereby no inward storm can easily rise, 
Nor outward forces do it prejudice. 

495. 

And though of these the rights divided be, 
Some into hands of people, some of kings ; 
Yet must not scepters by transcendencie 
Draw home their own right with imperial strings. 
But by applause, to make up this new chain, 
Rather pcrswade the people then constrain. 

496. 

More tenderly of force ought thrones to deal 
With those, where men prescribe by right or use ; 
For common liking must to common weal 
Be wonne, or man his profit will refuse, 
And turn his waxen mettal into steel. 
Which, harming others, self-harm cannot feel. 

497. 

And when unto a true equality 

M 



178 OP rt^ct. 

AD inequalities Pow'r hath reduced, 
Ijearing her sahjecta do regality, 
heft divers minds ahonld eanly be seduced ; 
They that enjoy them, to restrain a thime. 
And they agun to mutiny, that hare none. 



Then yet all wandring titles of sncc«ssion 
Wise Princ«9 mnst with providence unite; 
Else will these crown-rights leave a deep impressi<n. 
That no set coorae can long continae ri^t ; 
Since when the one line shall become extinct. 
All onion bnilt on that base lies nnlinekt. 

40S. 

Uoreovcr, realms of natural descent. 

When they with those which Chance or Cooqaest 

win. 
Shall be united In one govcnunent. 
Then scepters may more fumoos works b^in ; 




OF PEACE. 197 

Or else the second light of government, 
Which stories yield, and no tiire can disscason, 
Ditiwn from those monarcies which overran 
In little time all this known world of man. 

501. 

Whose hent amhition still to conquer ^lore, 
Compelled them wisely to dispose their own, 
And by that discipline they us'd before, 
Work nations conquer' d neer as soon as known, 

To live in order, and by trade get wealth ; 

With equal justice, keeping both in health. 

5»)2. 

By which mild wisdome, they grew lords of famSi 
As well as crowns ; and rather wanted men 
Then stages,* means, or models how to frame 
Huincs, mishaps, to better form again ; 
Building upon the barbarous conquered. 
The uttermost of ill, well governed. 

603. 

So(? we not even among the brutish Nations, 
If men to them transport civility,' 

* Southoy grotesquely misprints * iiagofl '. G. 
^ Civilization, refinement, as before. G. 



W) OF TEACE. 

Thoso colf.nics nro ilrar ia roputation. 
And man liiik't with them in uffinity ? 
Tln'ir iiwiinpi coustruoil not to spoil, or tuko, 
Ilul as cimtc fruiii tlioir dwi-ttiDgs for their sake, 

504. 

Sii Atlu'U!! with loniuit iHilouii's 
l>iii iHxipU- Asin ; l,:ic«hinon sprwwl 
Hit IXirimi triU-s thon.tugh tVrtilc Italy. 
I^Kuliii^ lH'i)i^iaul wIuti' hf ivnuufivil]' 

.Villi st^ I'j- hor thut Ertxiiie Kirlwrous «a 

M.*h- hivpit;il'lc is imt.' tlii* il:iy. 



This the vhi.r i>:!lar is of pi^livy. 

That i-»vr by tho K.<m;u'.» wxs invt-ntrtL 

Khv\U>s iv» ujih.'M thrir s'.-.'sarthy. 

.Vn-l tu.*i.f \tv: s;:ur,jr.r w;;h :hc:r y.^if .r-attn^ 




OF p>:Act. 181 

Of Uonic as niistriss ; but all the whole world wa8 
Liiik't unto her in traffic k, league, and law ; 
And did so much adore the Homan's fame. 
As they forsook their own to boar her name. 

507. 

Where, in this cmfty world's declining age, 
Those large spread roots are withered, or dead ; 
All spirits of worth to present Pow'r engage, 
And there so mastered, dull'd or measured, 
As while men fear their little toys to loose. 
Worth they choose rather to suppress, then use. 

508. 

From whence it is that we find of erecting 
Decay'd estates, or colonies deriving, 
Or proper laws, the present time directing 
Examples few ; but many princes striving 
Through fear of change, and fatal hate of pains j* 
With public loss to bring in private gains. 

509. 

Which privatcness forgets Time's glor}* past, 
^Vnd uscth time to come but to despise ; 
Her narrow ends being on the present plac'd. 



* PaiiiKtakiiij^. (J. 






all 
Ka£ wEjIt to r'^H m: lit -ia-fniiK*. 

Aul htmz the WorLI :o :^>k dij^ cock aziin, 
WTi*ris P'jw'r dil over :*ait», tct p«ip!e ntign. 

511. 

Afcain, this art f<r tyrant cittadeL 

X'ft sufri:riiig fret dttaens bnt slares. 

What M it, but a MnntU oot rf HtU. 

Makinf; the prio'x-'s trinmphs, people's graves ? 
A»<1 wirti it not well with the Sultan's word 
Wlifi vaunts, grass grows not, wht-rc his horse 
biitli nt-Mul ? 




OP PEACE. 183 

To be on slaves a strict dominion 
Not empire but a crafty violence, 
\Miose mines never raise magnificence. 

513. 

For that indeed is no true monarchy, 

Which makes kings more then men, men le€8 then 
beasts, 

But that which works a jKjrfect unity, 

Where kings as heads, and men as members rest, 
With mutual ends like twinns, each helping other, 
In service of the Common- wealth, their mother. 

514. 

Thus unto kings their provinces remote 
— Which oft else grudge at subaltern subjection, — 
May with good government be kept devote ; 
Men do ascribe so much unto protection. 

And oft adore most what they least do know : 
Like specious things which far off fairest shew. 

515. 

And as man's heart, though in one place coulin'd, 
Yet to reinoto limbs sends forth vital pow'rs. 
With ease or disease* to affect the mind, 



* Soo our Phinoas Fletcher, ». r. an before, for pamllol 
UBO of the word * diaeaBO '. G. 



According to her gocxl or evil hours ; 

Whence sometimes arms have of her pulse more 



Then other members less far off from thenc<.-, 



Even so, that providence of heavinlv love. 
Which hoMj the opposing element* in awe, 
Though in her throne advinceU far above 
The finite reach of any mortal law. 

Yet never rests contin'd to anv seat 

But by far spreading, proves her own pow'r 
greaL 

517. 

Therefore, since wisdom works both far and nigh. 
As boundless, not restrain'd to time or place, 
Ador'd when absent, honoor'd in our eye. 
The more assiduous. sttU the more in grace ; 
Rcpre^ing man's umbition with his tVar, 
A balLmce kings must use, and pe^'plc bear. 




OF PEACE. 185 

Whence Mahomet himself an idol makes, 
And draws mankind to Mecha for his sake. 

519. 

Thus did the Caliph of great Babilon, 
In former times, bewitch the barbarous nations, 
With sight of rich robes, shadows of his throne ; 
Reserv'd magnificence gives such reputation, 
Adding to arts of pow'r, what still seem more, 
By making those souls less that must adore. 

520. 

But to conclude, as modem tyranny, 

Hath not in any kind established, 

A State by peace unto prosperity 

Of people, or of honor to the head ; 
But rather to the prejudice, or shame 
Of both — like torrents — spread abroad ill name. 

521. 

So against this, Pow'r absolute should strain 

In their estates to settle such a peace. 

As, people pleas'd, kings might with pleasure raign, 

By making men's wealth to their use increase ; 
Which so will link all members to the head : 
As Change shall there find all her movers dead. 







Li. 






- k. _ 



-J3 



■"* ~n 



=2s^ssrtii:E ^ 



ulQL ^:r 3.*tr 












VT^i:.; r. •r='« -s^-r 



•^ *■., :r z; 



-kiajiflCC «::j.;:. 



13- 



OF WAR. 187 

An image of the Dcitie's relief: 

Shewing that thrones at once can move and rest, 
And 80 glow greater hy that aid they give, 
As in whose pow'r more then their own States 
live. 

525. 

Crown-right again which natively descends, 
Claiming estates in other crowns' possession, 
Must not neglected he in princes' ends, 
And yet have curious^ audits in progression, 
Wealth, right, occasion from the harr of words. 
In princes' States appealing to their swords. 

526. 

In petty rights therefore proportion'd care 
Doth well become the royal States of Pow'r ; 
But that indeed by which crowns honour'd are. 
Is care, no one throne may the rest devour ; 

So that to wain a growing Empire's might, 

Infallibly is evciy prince's right. 

527. 

lastly, it much more danger will be found, 
Where princes shall be thought adverse to Wai*, 



* Careful, un before. G. 






T —■'-ir ^^!lr ^-ir:-i -i-;ri. — 



529. 

H'^H'.^ riiT»a^ thit »ii.i>M, whc-rebr martial Ronii 
lAl Janiu ttmiilo. in eisht haailrtd yearf, 
X'>t thn;*; tiniM shut, bat open to the doom 
K':pt tliem of Mar-, whose force each ciucsti-in 
<Jt-.rS 
Ati'l Ui hU hunnc-ra (li<l one consul fit. 




OF WAR. 189 

And prays to their ambitions that are strong ; 
Nor is the spoiler's hand so soon made free, 
By any thing as inhabilitie.^ 

631. 

But so provide for unprosperities, 
As Fate at least may qualified succeed, 
Framing for change of time such policies. 
As no distempers or diseases breed ; 

By home-broils to tempt forrain enemies ; 

Lest we for them, not for ourselves prove wise. 

532.. 

To which end princes must raise ordinance, 
Provide munition, armor ; fortify 
Such places as may best secure mischance. 
Siege or surprize, which Conquest trafficks by ; 
And such again, as if a tumult grow, 
Wise princes to them may for refuge go. 

533. 

Euphrat,* Danuby,' Rheno* were those old bounds 
Of Rome, which Barbars* ventured not to pass. 



' So * pn'hemincnco \ G. ' Euphrates. G. 

' Danube. G. 

♦ Rhino : see our Phincas Fletcher, Vol. II. p 244. G. 
^ Barbarians. 0. 




33-3. 

StiaAb*, tfroD* kin^ mast arm and ext«<d9e 
Trmpa of their people in iircDrMt times ; 
An<i to the same end ever patronise 
Kmuc attire spirits in Wars of funain dimes. 
To train up leaders, who, before need come. 
May diaciplint thtir men for Mars, his doom. 




OF WAR. 191 

Rome's first great Punick war, did on the land 
liy practice teach his seamen how to mend 
That discipline in peace hy which wars stand ; 
As Philopoemen made Achaia spread 
By lazy peace, yet lively governed. 

637. 

If Roderigo that unlucky king, 
Over those Goths which did inhabit Spain, 
Had well observ'd these rules, that savage spring 
Of Saracens could not have shak* t his raign. 
But still confin'd unto the Afiick shore, 
Must have remain'd and not have sought for 
more. 

538. 

Where ho at home, afraid of Civil War, 
Disarm'd his men ; which to bold Tarrif was 
A sign that active force might venture far, 
And by Spain's weakness bring his ends to pass : 

Which shews again, when friends or foes draw 
swords 

They ever loose that rest or trust in words. 



victory over the Carthaginians, off tho island of Acgusa, 
A.D. 241, with rutult commemorated in the context. O. 



OF WAR. 193 

542. 

Xot highly changing party, ends, t)r way, 
Eut constant keep their course on beaten grounds ; 
Urging, that equally all princes may 
Abjure incroaching, rest within their bounds, 
Not strive by adding others to their own. 
To make the world's divided empire one. 

543. 

And as the times now stand, unto this end 
They must keep open still that chief division ; 
Not peiecing it for enemy or friend. 
Fear, want, or any false gloss of misprision ; 
For it takes hold upon the soveraign part, 
Which still by conscience multiplies the heart. 

544. 

I mean that many-headed separation, 
Which irreligious being, yet doth bear 
Religion's name, aflfects her reputation, 
And which — as it is now us'd everywhere — 
liecomes the ground for each ambitious thought, 
A nd shadow of all actions that be naught.' 



> Wicked. G. 



Hi^r namv Vina iliiirvr lUr, thoa peaco and wealth, 
Iiii2ar<l tbr her, iit' iTevIum. life and zomIa, 

Hiipu with BO murtal puw'r Gu tw widMoml ; 
So much jf JTeatiT lorw; is oonsticniv. 
Then aor luwer Ti:»un it' the «nue. 

H6. 

Thij! rtpruni dierefort atviT aiust unitv. 
y.ir vi't till! lii-jt jf 'ipimsitiun -siai'k. 
I'hiedy bwtaus*; hiT pope i» uidnite. 
\nii to his iwn unbidun Uvts ivrakt- : 

AjffvttOK ;irfatni'<» by :hac nimpyrd P<)w'r. 

'WTiich in all fisw 3« TCuuit-s to litrvour : 



Deponng kin^. as hiretii k: 
And puiiini; >i'iit iwn iin^ 




OF WAR. 195 

Within the howels of a soveraign State, 

Or leave her enemies abandon^, 

By force or secret practice unto fate ; 

Were to let friends decrease, and factions grow, 
As still they do by neuters' overthrow. 

549. 

Xor lot this falacy of her declination 

Porswade, that with her strength, her ends arc 
chang'd ; 

Since pride had never such an elevation, 

As when aspiring Superstition rang'd ; 
Which sin was at the first the angels' fall. 
And in the outward Church, since natural. 

550. 

Whereby she still unform'd lives, till a head 

Supream she finds, or to her self makes many ; 

A body such as must be governed, 

Within it self, not subject unto any, 
And in each minute of her nature s wels, 
Even with that pride, wherewith the whole 
excels. 

551. 

So as this flesh-bom Church-supremacy, 
Whether form'd in monarchal Government, 



OF WAR. 197 

Tliat inapp of secrets which she doth abuse ; 
Then must kings by all tryals gage' her nest, 
So as her birds may neither hatch nor rest. 

555. 

Nor must we give her ear when she propounds 
Freedom of conscience, that yields others* none ; 
Bnt work against her on the same strict ground, 
Whereby she would bind strangers to her own, 
Su firing no freedom in dispute, or book, 
But such as her false discipline doth brook :' 

556. 

For if she conscience plead, the like do we. 

And so in Faith the same religious bands ; 

If she doth therein claim supremacy ; 

Soveraignty — which under no Powr stands — 
Pleads that we may deal so with forraign pow'rs, 
Here or abroad, as they shall deal with ours. 



557. 



l,astly, when she, and her sword-bearers striv^i 
In peace, war, league, or any combination, 
By fall of other princes* States to thrive. 
We must of force break that association ; 



I _ 



— gaugo. G. * Accept. G, 



ritiiod diar^ 



sLt tikiv ii*T ciJls 



And if l^ y mm is e^kvoii-. tlten mne m too. 

Or ri« shit br ht! «iiti*.t j « 
A» *vll »s »«■, »ill sili 

vniaryt. 
Aad brir^ be^ liaxT«; hx^ wiii otiicrs' pain ; 
Mj^ic^ puir piiotvs br t^r drea=5 of sfiiiit, 
Iifi" »I^T«^ thai oocIt i'^ isi^u- t^ni caa mnit. 

5-39. 

Tn»t cjt thtir Chsifb wiih !u;r stvpe iniaitt, 
A* kiii^-gbipe in this toriI, icoiv is thr ixlkr : 
Here t» »x3i ^mtter then rtdscrl ri^ic 
ThuK bvth 01' gratv ia>i inn-xta™ a muther ; 

Fur Cod, a ^fpn ■ ^r ao^I^, ■'-tT-iiniU ; 

A Cb-iuvh morv ovix-baut tht-n Baiti"* valid. 




OF WAR. 199 

561. 

Trust not this miter which forgiveth none, 
But damns all souls that be not of her creeds, 
3 Fakes all saints idols, to adorn her throne. 
And reaps vast wealth from superstitious seeds ; 
For must not she with wet or burnt wings fall, 
Which sours above Ilim that create<l all ? 

562. 

Suffer not men of this divine profession, 
Which should be great within, religious, true. 
As heralds sent by God to work progression 
From sin to grace, and make the * old man new ' ; 
Let them not with the world's mondities. 
Think to hold up their doctrine with the wise. 

563. 

I^t them not fall into those common moulds 
Of frail humanity, which scandal give; 
From God they must take notice what they should ; 
Men watch not what they speak, but how they 
live ; 

Malice soon pierceth Pomp's mortality. 

The sin derides her own hj'pocrisie. 

5G4. 
The rlorgii^s' praise, when they from pulpit come. 



Is to i.ivp tLu drt^-r&m in tbi-ir liTt«. 
WLich Willi lilts, in. £rvai v^eh nnrevtrn-od 4i>od!1 
Of libeitiiiis, who \o d-.fsce tVia ^t^ve : 
For messi-Qgen of Hiar':: ma^t ftOl appear, 
\s if tlut H<:&v'n. not Tjath. wbie to them 
dt«r. 

565. 

From Abbic-j Ut ihcm Dot h.-pt- to uphold 

Esci-ss and riot by tht pt^pli-"? toic*- ; 

Wheri' pood acJ ill :ilikir art' cheaply sold. 

And frail mankinil confoiindiii in his choico. 
Good lift, and doctrini-. arc both lis;ht and food 
To starve the ill. yet doe the chostn good. 

5Gii. 

Sow though this eounefl witn to fit a king. 
And not the rteip exress of Tyranny : 
Yet beams and bodies bein;; divers things, 
Fint-ly in shadows may resembled be ; 

TVhcnee in the oiitwaid varjing foniie of things. 




OF WAR. 201 

Since war and crowns consist* by reputation, 
Which must not eas'ly from their course be sway'd 
Either by want of ship, or sail, or shroud. 
Unless kings will loose tides, for every cloud. 

568. 

But rather follow Mars in forrain parts, 
Who ever friends the undertaking spirit. 
With honor, hope of spoil, and all those arts. 
Which still as treasure are reserved for merit ; 
Nor be these helps in minutes' understood. 
Which in the mass, make undertakings good. 

569. 

Since here admit the worst that threatens' come. 
And causeless Fortune like herself should raign, 
How can the assistance yet find heavy doom. 
Whose chance at home is to be cast again ? 

And by their neighbor's stumbling, not their 
fall. 

Each monarch taujiht to have an eye to all. 



' I^tin consist tn- : to exist to|[^other : = stand CJ 
^ = imall thinj^H. or tho trun8ition-fonn of oui mhiu- 

tin. G. 
•* = Admit [thalj tho worst that threatens [should] come, 

or suppose* th< worst conits to the worst. G. 



X^. ^ruS th^K m.nrxil. foocon »lkxiIJ ±t length 

En^a^ -Mir '>«a i-sCia» 12:^ 1 war ; 

T«C i.-:iii tibeT ae'^r "i^'-' oa is :betr strength, 

WW ia ^-iix jETQvizu:^ ixr^TrxpCetl ur, 

Atai htf JSiuil c!b>!« P-jw'rs t^.-I: vooadiil come, 
(V'ci ■.trtiilT ?^■JC0C2^:t *^-:~ tml doom. 



~l. 






L^^iZid i;^ lad spent ; 







OF WAR. 203 

573. 

And so wc see in muddy Northern air, 
Winds, thunders, storms, — Earth's prescntmiscry — 
Yet instantly makes foul horisons fair ; 
So doth the War and her impiety 
Purge the imposthum'd* humors of a Peace, 
Which oft else makes good government decrease. 

574. 

Only let princes that will martial be, 
Reform that common stained discipline, 
Which is the base of unprosperity. 
Sin against nature, chance, and Pow'r di^dne. 

Wherein I fear the Turk doth us excell. 

They keeping deeds, we words of doing well. 

575. 

Again, for those which unto War are bent, 

To light their wrongs, revenge themselves, or gain. 

How brave, advantageous an instrument 

A well-fram'd Xavy is to entertain ; 

Let tJicm be judge who understand how sea 
For her* 8, — like air,— doth everj'where make 
way. 



' Southcy mwprinU *impo«huin*d*. 



f.*« 






Bv it-iKiKV. ':rjiiuii-ss, imiu^itry >r tcsC 







OF WAR. 20") 

579. 

So as since seas be mothers unto Fame, 

Whose bravest feathers martial actions be ; 

And mother-like, since their breasts nurse that 
name 

Wliich they beget by strange prosperity ; 

l^et tliose kings seek the secret of that womb, 
Tliat will of riches, right and wrong, give doom. 



IThe (Exrellcncji of JHonarthw compareb 



US'^UPjjOW, if the taliousnoss of mortal days, 

Will seek 0. change in all things 'ichlch displease, 
Then cqu no real form be permaacnt ; 
Vain lust and novelty will never rest. 
Pleasing diseased natures ever best. 

681. 

Yet first let these light spirits that love change. 
Consider whence and whether they would go ; 
Lest while they grow bewitcht with what is 




582. 

DuleM Alcyon,' hud ii('rc}nmee, good cause 
Both to Rnepect the frnnds of miii and boaata ; 
Tct over-acting |HisaioQ makes ill laws. 
For t« avoid which fear, she built her nest 

Upon tho ocean's shear, whore atonn nnd wind 
Since tjranniBO buth her and idl her kind. 

583. 

From like grounds, do iiot thought)* impatient, 
Wliich work new fanglcdness in people's minds, 
And Imvo their proper lord in Discontent, 
Itj- such diEliko of every air they find. 

While they vould run from shadows that offend, 
Like rowliug stones change place, but never 
nieud I 

SSJ. 

For if men will according to tlic name, 
Conceive th' aristocratical estates 
Of Government, to be the perfect frame. 
And Dumber able to give proper rates 

To lavish humours, then' a monarch con ; 

"What is this bnt new fonglcdncRS in man ? 



' Alcyone ; the king Gsher. {Ovid, Xil. id. 410 ct tqq 
and Tirgil, Oootk- l 3S9. G 






A* Sv*us fCo i pczLud. -i-r tEiia«rd then- : 

Whtre pncdc£ sks wt^ tverr State can bear ; 

AeJ wh^re tc.e per-plt's ffjoi the wenltli of 

?t*w cIceHy wtuT forms spread forth sweetest 



Which view will prove how speciously >oeTiT 
These many head* enter with glorious stile 
(H conqaering worthies, yet th< y have never 
Long bom those titles, but within a while 

Been forc't to cliangc their many heads to o 

As blest by ine'iualities ulone. 



For iDstance of which strange 




THE EXCELLENCY OF MONARCHY. 209 

And then her monarch into consuls throw, 
Under which yet Rome did an empress grow ? 

688. 

Soon after she erects the State of Ten, 
And even before th' ungrateful memory 
Of Appius Claudius buried was with men, 
She still aftecting change of policy, 

Carelessly left her Government in trust, 

For some years, to her martial Tribunes' lust. 

589. 

Lastly, as if in that unconstant wit 
They had concluded to dissolve the frame 
Of their Rcpublick, by oft changing it ; 
To such descent of anarchy they came, 

As in five years they govemours had none. 
Hut stood upright by hap of Time alone.* 

590. 

For had there any undei-taking State 
Assailed them then, tliis France- wherein they stooil 
'Twixt hfe and death, must needs have given fate 
To waudriug liumourn stain'd witli native blood, 

' Living lib. 2. li. - Uu: fiumor Cf. «t. 630und 633. U. 
o 



r ■askkCHT. 



J.i.i: 


:TUtt 


iuto 


:•» r-T'. 


rrsMs.: of Threo. 


HlTt 


i«wi 


ir:=i, 


liT;* l;. 


■ciif ia TyTMmy- 


Tl^ r: 


:i-» 


ir--:: 


T Tir* :, 


.-<=« or death. 


E:-=i i 


ii iii: 


c-;-: i 


C«*17 - 


: l-:r >tii. 


T: : . St 


ilsi 


;-!^:-^' 


;r:.^:: 


:.-A rl- :^lh ; 


B« Sli 


u iiij 


L, W. 


-s i-j.:i 


TiV.:.v.riLrowii; 


W-,: 


ei=yt 


S-, 




-^i: ii.k QioD&rchy, 


E,Vd 


tissi: 


i-Jt ':: 


-. :ij; >. 


,: :':.■: tfc.--;>:e free.' 



Tet I'tU ih& itlv n:jj:r--:,,i '.fl Powr : 

Bt which lie SRiwi, li^h; i"""7'-i' ?*' i"! fin". 

Yet «bi aaain that ctav, :r..<narvhal State ; 
As M-oIs wi J orjan'l t-.- U :ortniiati'. 



.>;-3. 




THE EXCELLENCY OF MONAKCHT. 211 

In which work this captiv'd unthankfubiess, 
Which stained her, soon mode her fortune less. 

694. 

Again, what comfort, or true estimation 
Can active vertue either take or give, 
Where many heads have power of creation ? 
Or wherein can these brave enticements live, 
"Which raise exorbitant aspiring merit : 
Since many judges never have one spirit ? 

595. 

Must not laws there, and ordinances be 
Like oracles, meer* abstract and ambiguous, 
Fit for discourse, or books, not policy, 
All practice dull, delaying, or litigious ? 
Man's justice seldom cleer and never wise, 
As seeing right or wrong with Chance's eyes ? 

596. 

What symptome is besides so dangerous 

To mortal orders, — apt to be diseased — 

As faction, on whose crisis ominous 

Those States depend, when many must be pleas'd. 
And where unequals are by government, 
With erjual measure forc't to bo content. 



1 Abfloluto. G. 



THK EXCELLENCY OF MONARCHY. 213 

600. 

Whence the Athenian orator^ aver*d, 
That their State never prospered in War, 
But when all pow'r was upon one confer' d ; 
And when again was Rome engag'd so far, 

As under Canna's many-headed flight ; 

Where chance and mischance had pow'r infinite. 

601. 

Besides, as mild streams in an ocean sea 

Loose both their current, sweetness, and their 

name : 
So here the best men must be sent away 
By ostracism e, to qualifie their fame, 

As for this State too great, which feareth Worth ; 

Knowing that it still monarchy brings forth. 

602. 

For is it not to them of banishment 
Sufficient ground to be reputed just ? 
What other cause was there of discontent 
'Gainst Aristidcs, but his worth's mistrust ? 

How us'd they him that conquered Marathon ? 

Or him, who Xerxes' host had overthrown ? 



* Isocratea in nlcoles. B. [^irpov Ni/^oirXca. O.] 
^ Terentias, Varro, Paulua £iniliu0. Livius. B. 



Brone ^itw'i her ficatBo* -wbem Ae did nbdae 
Afr«i md Caitba^ jft vho will obarre 

Or foinCkKilbu iwv wtH >iie did mrrv, 
ShaU see, ia AnsmnMro, the Cite 
Of Dbble actioBf is the people'^ faate. 



Besides, where this name 'Publick shall hare pow'r 

To bind rtiranl witli wreath'd fni<:a]ity ; 

Where Bad stil'd Justice 'Imll mantiiid devour, 

Thorongh a bloody stem severity ; 

iiust not these glorioas stiles of Common-veal, 
"Wound even that worth wherewith it should 
deal? 



Faction again is ever sooDesl made, 

Wticrt Inacv heads bave part ; anil councila 'known 




THE EXCELLKNOY OF MONABCHT. 215 

606. 

Lastly our finite natures do not love 

That infinite of multiplicity : 

Our hopes, affections, fears, which ever move, 

Can neither fixt, nor yet well govem'd be, 
Where idle, busie rulers, with a breath, 
Give doom of honor, grace, shame, life, or 
death. 

607. 

Thus is mankind, in numerous estates 
"Wantonly discontent with liberty. 
Where equals give and take unequal rates. 
Moulding for good and bad one destiny : 
Whence Athens swaying to Democracy, 
For ever changing her archontes* be. 

608. 

And as ill luck makes man of man despair. 
And thence appeal a Supreme Soveraign, 
So grows adversity the people's stair. 
Whereby they clime to monarchy again : 
What wants dictator but the name of king. 
Being as soveraign else in every thing ? 

* Archon, the chief mngistrato aflcr abolition of Mon- 
archy. G. 



IBE ESCtLtESCI 01' HOSARCHT. 



So as il' AEisioct\ciEs will cUim 
Tt> bo the b«^ at' humane GoTcmmeDt, 
Why do ther from their magis-tmtca digcluin 
As in extremities still impotent ? 

Since who In storms the fittest pilots be. 
Art abU-st sure lo guiile prosperity. 





^hc (Exccllcncp of jVlonarchij comparcb 

tDith Bcmocracp. 

SECT. XIV. 

610. 

OW, if the best, and choicest Government 
Of many heads, be in her nature this ; 
How can the Democ&atical content, 
Where that blind multitude chief master is ? 
And where besides all these forespoken fates, 
The most, and worst sort govern all estates ? 

611. 

Since as those persons usually do haunt 
The market places, which at home have least ; 
So here those spirits most intrude and vaunt 
To do the business of this common beast, 
That have no other means to vent their ill, 
Then by transforming real things to will. 

612. 

Besides, this c<jual stil'd Democracy 

L(>ts fall men's minds, and makes their manners 

base ; 
I/Caming and all arts of civility. 



218 IBE EXCELLEN'CT OF UOKARCHT. 

Which odd both unto nature, and to place. 
It doth eclipse, as death to that estate ; 
Wherein not worth, but idle wealth givoa fate. 



Nay, where religion, God, and humane laws, 
No other use, or honor, can expect 
Then to serve idle Lilicrtie's applause. 
As painted toys, which multitudes affeet ; 

Who judging oU things, while they nothing 

Lawless and godless are, and would live so. 
614. 

Therefore if iray to protect this State, 
Alledge imperial Rome grew great by it ; 
And Athena likewise far more fortiinate. 
As raising typos up both of worth and wit ; 
Such as no monarchy can parallel, 
In the rare ways of gteutnea doing well : 




THB EXCELLENCT OF MONARCHY. 219 

Whence Germans over France, and Goths in 

Spain, 
In Africk Saracens, and Turks in Asia raign. 

616. 

I answer first, that those subduing prides 
— Whereof the people boast — were to the hand 
Form'd, by the three preceding monarch tides. 
And what succeeded — if exactly scan*d — 
But imitation was of their brave deeds, 
Who, but their own worth no example needs. 

617. 

For did not their Tarquinus, ere ho fell, 
Conquer the Latino and the Sabine nation, 
Making their martial discipline excel. 
And so increase their strength by reputation ? 
Out of which active legionary worth. 
That city brought her after-conquests forth. 

618. 

But be this as it may, I deny 

Either the Empire's growth or consummation 

To be the work of Rome's Democracy ; 

Since between her first Cajsar's domination. 
And Tarquin, her soveraignity was mixt, 
Of one, few, many ; waving, never fixt. 



I . . 



M" >• ' 



■^T" 



it _ 



- j-r-aa 



TUE EACELLEXCY OF MONARCHY. 221 

Besides, as who ut home ill husbauds be, 
Seldom e make dainty to stretch out their haud 
Into their neighbor's harmless treasury : 
JSo did it with these bankrupt people stand ; 
Who sent their armies out by force and stealth. 
To biing them home the king of Cyprus' wealth/ 

623. 

AUur'd by no pretence of wrong or right, 
But only that he must not be their friend. 
Whose wealth was reckoned so indefinite ; 
Not caiing how they get or what they spend; 
But making good their ill by confidence : 
A worth of more use there, then innocence. 

G24. 

i^astly, where they had many times proclaimed 
Against the Mamcilines their just offence ; 
Yet came they to their succor, and disclaimed 
With Carthage their long-liv'd intelligence ; 
Whence the first Punick quarrel did proceed, 
And had the fates been just, with far worse 
speed. 



' l*toloma'iiij, Floras, lib. 3. B. 
• Tolybiua lib. 1. B. 



A^ consuls, scDiitc, or tlic people's mipilit ; 
The first a pow'r which Itomc ilM couqucr by. 
The pecoml sot her publick councils right. 
The last approTO, increase or qualific 

Piiin, anil rvwanls of good or c\41 deeds ; 

Two beams •>!" Justice, wei-ihius; out frooil speed. 



Whence Tou may ea.'ily pregnant reasons draw. 
To attributp the glarr of old lionic 
Cnto the monarch part, wliich held in awe 
The conqucr'd world ; and not the people's dootnc ; 
Proportion fioni the great world to the smalt. 
Shewing, with iniinv limbs, one head rules nil. 



What but tho pi'ople's mutinous conventions 

Under the factions tiibuncs, scattered 

IlonK-'s piiblii'k puti-imonic ? ami with dissentions 




THE EACJiLLE>CY OF MONARCHY. 221 

622. 

Besides, as who ut home ill husbancL* be, 
Seldom e make dainty to stretch out their baud 
Into their neighbor's harmless treasury : 
JSo did it with these bankrupt people stand ; 
^^^lo sent their armies out by force and stealth. 
To bring them home the king of Cyprus' wealth** 

623. 

AUur'd by no pretence of wrong or right, 
But only that he must not be their friend, 
AfNTiose wealth was reckoned so indefinite ; 
Not caring how they get or what they spend ; 
But making good their ill by confidence : 
A worth of more use there, tlien innocence. 

624. 

La«tly, where they liad many times proclaim'd 
Against the 3Iamertine5 their jui>t offence ; 
Yet came Xhcy Uj their feuocor, and dii»<;Lum'd 
With Ciiitlia^'e tLeir loDg-liv'd intelligence ; 
Wh'.iice the Si^t Punkk quarrel did proceed. 
And tiijl the £i*.U^ been ja¥t, with lax w<#r»c 
5p* t-d- 






V5^ . J!iU.S~" — ■»*>TTV - '. r^; ' . .T T 






•*a:. 



• r 



•li 



%r "^ - .••• .- 



•» .1*1 



■v.- ^ :♦- 






V^^-ir^ 3 



THE EXCTILXENCY OF MONARCHY. 223 

628. 

Or if too abstract this reply appears : 
Forget not how the mooarehy preserv'd 
Rome for a thousand and seaven hundred years : 
Part of her glory her first kings deaerv'd :* 
The rest by Caesars in successive raign, 
Till Mahomet' the second made her wain. 

629. 

Where on the other side Democracy 

Did in few ages rise and fall again ; 

There being but four hundred sixty three 

Years, between Cfcsar's and Tarquinius' raign ; 
In which time Rome corrupted her self so, 
As change she must or suffer overthrow. 

630. 

Rut that indeed which brake the Empire's frame 
Was floating swarms and mighty inundations 
Of rude Barbarians, which from Scythia came, 
To traftick vices with all civil Nations ; 
Xor can that be peculiar stain to Rome, 
"Which of all other Empires was the doom. 

* 245 years. B. 

' IIo took Constantinople Anno Dom. 1463. B. 



TiiK kxcklli:ncv of moxakcuv. 225 

634. 

1 \\v first was their tumultuous election 
Of Cicsars, which did many times make way 
To civil hroils, disonlcr, and defection ; 
Whence she became to forreiners a prey : 

This pow'r of choice making the soldiers know, 
Their head above had yet a head below. 

635. 

Tlie second was their lack of crown demesne, 
hy whi(rh the Emperours still forct^d were 
In publick and self-indigence to strain 
Laws, by men's voices ; men, by hope and fear ; 
Wlio saw their wealths and freedom both in one, 
By this course of exactions overthrown. 

636. 

And yet, in this disease of monarch's state, 
1 dare avow their breed of home-bom spirits 
To have been active, worthy, fortunate, 
Above Dkmockacies in every merit; 

For instance, whom can that State parallel 
With Trajan in the pow'r of doing well ?' 



' It was a prvterb amoutj»t tJitm^ 

Felicior Auguoto, melior Trujano. B, 

r 



226 TIIK EXCELLENCY OF MOXAHCHY. 

637. 

"NVho with Augustus iu felicity ? 
With Constautine in true magniticciice ? 
With Marcus can in wisdom hallane't be ? 
Or with good Anthony in innocence ? 

Julian in learning ? Julius in worth ? 

That ever yet Democracy brought fortli ? 

638. 

For tribunes the champions they can boast. 
An hetoroclite magistrate, devis'd 
Without rule, to have all rules by him lost, 
Eeligion scom'd. Law's duty tyrannised ; 
A fiery spark, which lacking forrain stuff. 
At home finds fuel to make blaze enough. 

639. 

8o as if Chilo truly call'd those States 
The best, which most unto their laws do give. 
And kept tlieir demagogues at humblest nites, 
Then tliis conclu^ion ratified must live : 

Demockacies are most unnatural, 

Where real things with humoui-s lise uud l:ill 

G40. 

Whence 1 concludo, that since DnMoeuAiY 

In hercrazM moulds great empires cannot ca.«>i. 



i 



- OP <iioSABCUT. 227 

iOf foriD, these frail confused policies, 

P"Wtiicli cannot breed States, con make no State lost ; 
But OS tho riper doth, must tear the womb 
Of mouurchy, whence her foundations come. 



TIE FKTJ.I.E.VCT OF MOHIRCBT. 229 

Id bulliiTH'i' consuls, tribunes ilid ailvanpe ; 
r hy iL niiiTo rcfini-d composition, 

Have niis'd — like Venice— some well boanded 
Diikr, 

Tlu'ir I'llf-jiTown sonatore to overlook : 

644. 

f Bo mBHiiKiiiK the whole in ereiy part, 
% Aa thi'w nat borlica Tnlctudinary, 
ilay, in thu native feavera of the heart, 
Y't some degrees of good complexion' carry ; 
Anil w hi!e they keep the forrain foos at rest, 
Win limp, thciH own confusion to digest. 

615. 

Bofidce, if cither of thcw States do choose 

Their magintratcs, or officers by lot, 

And cUiiiiee instead of worth and knowledge use ; 

What stniiije confusions then beget they not ? 
Ha thiit 110 wise man will himself commit, 
Mu<:h 1x.-bh wise State to be dispos'd by it. 

646. 

Aguin, if they by suffrages elect. 

Then, what siope that doth unto practice give ; 

' Ti'mponmr'nt. rk beforo. G. 
' MuprintcI'lhipT*. G. 



230 THE EXCELLENCY OF MOITABCHT. 

The old eamitia^ and the new erect 
Condave of Rome, pregnant examples live ; 
To shew Worth there most be abandondd, 
Where real grounds are passion-govemed. 

647. 

Nay more, let us consider if it be 
Easie at once of good men to find many ; 
Since we with odds of birth and breeding see. 
Even among kings, how rarely Time yields any 
That out of conscience, or for Coantrey's sake 
WiU hazard, care, restrain or undertake ? 

648. 

But grant such may be found, yet States tbut 

peaz'd 
Must of necessity^as fortune-bound^ 
Either by princes have the ballanoe nua'd. 

Or loose to undertaking princes' ground : 
In which the thanks they offer to a crown 
Is often thankless mines to pull it down, 

649. 

And foolishly ; since union contains 
All native strengths of sovereignity ; 
As bearing over Nature meekest rains ; 
Whereby all other forms of policy 



\ 
I 



i 



1 OF UONABCnY. 231 

Dcly yiflii to her subjection, 
jt.r-Tavi^ iiader it protixitioii. 

650. 

ia this abstract view 
I, tlva multiplicity 

r-wrcst, or loose their duo 
iciiiis to fitremity ; 
luiv eoycraign 
t id a monarch's roign t 

(i51. 

irti I'niiiiiil, llic poet, making tutca, 
b n>j(i#tr('<l thtvi' thousand deities, 

it of wh'i^c [Hiwirt govcm'd many States, 
ri t ii.^kuowk'ds'd June's supremacy : 
' 'ik of supcrautui'ul suecesaion, 
< . il from (iud : heads of the first impression. 

662. 

^^ 111) louka down from these ehrystal spheres, 
I M ihii w^'un where Jove's brother raigns ; 
I 111' imt ftnd the water Nereid's' thoro 
>^|]haltc^l, not ucvcraign ? 

jl>le for planl, a» hetvn. O. 



i iKcf:i.t.mcr op monaboit. 



1, while each doth suppress, 
||llilutiun. I; whith States subsist, 
tlouso nuinCB, then make their naturcA 

f doform'd. ty forming what they list : 
bey that still cast old foundatioaa new, 
B many shapL-), but never any true. 

667. 

I we do iu liuioanc bodies see, 

1 1 K< :i>on nii<;i]i in chiuf, not the affection, 

I i- gr.'^t, TiDt wanton Liberty; 

to Itimnult', uudothers' a direction ; 

Where ii' too muijli abstracted or let full. 

The tiiris of piis^ion there run over all. 

658. 

B when fall awny from monarchy 

T it bo to Sl;it«s of few or more, 
CUiinge k-iulj them neerer unto anarchy 
By flivcrs niiiiutca then' they were hclbro ; 
Since unity di»i<i«i into many, 
llt-gcts eunfuHion : never friend to any. 

!■ often twtort.', U. 



•« t 



■ ■IHIIIIllIII 



«c • 



ait-* .Ti 



totr *::s' — nwirT 



-r -TipiigrML 



•*x 















■<fc. ^ •• . ^ 



\ -^ 



THE EXCELLENCY OF MONARCHY. 236 

Not to be cast in any mould or art, 
Like shadows, changing shape with evciy light, 
Ever and never, still the same in part ; 
Yet by this model, wiser men may see, 
That there is choice even in the vanity. 

663. 

And forms cstablisht, which must be obeyed 
As levels* for the world to guide her own 
Foundations, against anarchy well laid, ^' 

Whose being is but being^ overthrown ;' 

Where thrones — as mort;al shrines — with mortal 
fear 

Must be ador'd and worshipt everywhere. 

664. 

Therefore I thus conclude this fruitless dream, 
That if the body have imperfect features, 
Or swim — like -^sop's wife — against the stream ; 
Each age must adde to all the works of creatures. 

And perfect things unperfectly begun ; 

Or else in vain, sure, I have roul'd this tun. 

' Mctuiures, as before explained. G. 

^ Overthrow : above for rh)ine simply. O. Vm • ' 



<|inis* 



r%i. 



% Cmtise of f clijiott. 



|l0te. 

Thb " Treatise of Beligion" fomii the elosiiig poction of 
the " Bemaines " (pp 177—206). It has been coniectiired 
that it was intended to oooapy tile oanoelled peges (S — tX^ 
of the folio of 1633 : hut this is prohaMy inaoenrfite. See 
our Pre&tory Note, and an Appendix to our 
Introduction for details on this. G. 



Jl 'vErcatisc of "Ecligion. 




J. 

HAT make these many laws, these rains* 

of Pow^r 
AVhercwith mankind thus fcttei'd is and 
bound ; 
These divers worships, which men's souls deflower; 
Nature and God, with novelty confound ? 
Tis ignorance, Sin, Infidelity, 
hy wliich we foll'n from our creation be. 



2. 

What is the chain which draws us back again, 
And litis man up unto his first creation ? 
Nothing in him his own heart can restrain, 
llis reason lives a captive to temptation ; 
Example is corrupt, precepts are mixt, 
All fleshly knowledge frail, and never fixt. 



» Kcina. G. 



It is n light, a gilt, a grucc in^ir'd, 

A spark of pow'r, n gootlut'sa of the Good ; 

Dtairu in him, tliat never in Ucsir'd ; 

An unity, where desolufion stood ; 
in us not of us, a apint not of earth, 
Fushioning* the mortal to immortid birth. 



His imugo that first made us in perfection. 
From itngels ditfciing most in time and plaee : 
They fell by pride, and ire bj' their infection ; 
Tlicir doom is past, wc yet stand under grace ; 
Thej' would be gods, wo would their evil know 
Man finds a Christ, these angels did not so. 



Stance of this (joil, by fear, the sensual have, 
J)istressed Nature, crying unto Grace ; 
Fer soveroiga Iteason then becomes a slave. 




OF RELIGION. 241 

6. 

Yea, prince of Earth, let man assume to b«. 
Nay more, of man, let man himself be God ; 
Yet without God, a slave of slaves is he ; 
To others, wonder ; to himself, a rod ; 

liestless despair, desire, and desolation ; 

The more secure, the more abomination. 

7. 

Then by affecting pow'r, we cannot know Him ; 
By knowing all things else, we know Him less ; 
Nature contains Him not, Art cannot show Him ; 
Opinions, idols and not God, express. 

Without, in pow'r, we see Him everywhere ; 

"Within, we rest not, till we find Him there.* 

8. 

Then seek we must : that course is natural, 
For owned souls to find their owner out ; 
Our free remorses, when our natures fall ; 
When we do well, our hearts made free from 
doubt ; 



* A n'miniscpnce of St. Augustine's ** O Lord ! Thou hast 
ma^le us for Thyself, and our souls arc restless till they 
rest in Thee " : one of the memorabilia of all Litera- 
ture. G. 

Q 



242 OF uEUOioir. 

4 

Prove service dao, to One Onmipotence ; 
And Nature, of Beligion to have sence. 

9. 

Questions again, which in our hearts arise, 
— Since loving knowledge, not humility — 
Though they he curious, godless, and unwise. 
Yet prove our nature feels a Deity ; 

For if these strifes rose out of other groundsi 
Man were to God, as deafness is to sounds. 

10. 

Beligion thus we naturally profess ; 

Knowledge of God is likewise universal ; 

Which divers nations diverslj express. 

For Truth, Fow'r, Goodness, men do worship all; 
Duties to parent, child, time, men and place, 
All known by Nature, but observ'd by Grace. 

11. 

And that these are no positive made laws. 
Appears in this, since no consent of Nations, 
No custome, time, or any other cause 
Can unto Vice give Vertuc's estimation. 

Or root out those impressions from our hearts 
"Which God by Nature unto man imparts. 



OF BGLIGION. 243 

12. 

Tea, these impressions arc so finely fixt 
In understanding, and the conscience too, 
That if our nature were not strangely mixt, 
But what we knew it could as easily do, 

Men should, — even by this spirit — in flesh 
and blood 

Grow happily, adorers of the Good. 

13. 

But there remains such natural corruption 
In all our pow'rs, even from our parents' seed, 
As to the good gives native interruption ; 
Sence stains affection, that will, and will deed ; 
So that what's good in us, and others too 
We praise ; but what is evil, that we do. 



14. 



Our knowledge thus corrupted in our lives, 
Serves to convince our consciences within ; 
Which sentence of record with self-love strives, 
Leads us for rest, and remedy of sin. 
To seek God and Religion from without. 
And free this condemnation which we doubt. 



OF REUeiCOf. 



15. 



Yet in tiuB strife, thu natoral remoTse, 
If ve could bend the force of pow'r and wit ' 
To work apon the heart, and make diToroe 
There from the evil which pt'i\-trtetli it ; 

In ju^^ement of the truth -we should not doal 
Good life should find a good Keusioit out 

16. 

But our infinni^ which cannot brook 
This ibrang, intestine, and rebellioiiB irar 
In wit and onr affections, makes nm look 
For such Bbuoiohb as there imag'd are ; 

Sence grow these many worahipa, gods and m 
'Wherewith man's enor all the woiid infecta. 

17. 

For when the consdcnce this Keli^on faahiona 
In blind affectioDS, there it straight begets 
Gro38 superstition ; when in witty' possiooa 
It moulded is, a luster there it sets 

On hearts prophane, by politick pretence. 
Both buying shadows with the soul's expenoe 



' Ingeiiious, as before = in adnptation to. U. 



OP RELIGION. 245 

18. 

For they, God's true Religion — which a state 

And being is, not taken on, but in — 

To bottomless hypocrisie translate ; 

The superstitious doth with fear begin, 

And so deceiv'd, deceives and under-ratcs 

His God, and makes an idol of his sin : 
The politick, with craft inthralls mankind, 
And makes his body sacrifice his mind. 

19. 

Both, in ourselves, make us seek out a God, 
Both take self-love and fear, for scale and measure ; 
Tliey both, become their own and others' rod ; 
The one takes care, the other wrong for pleasure ; 

As many minds, as many Gods they make ; 

Men easily change all they easily take. 

20. 

This superstitious ignorance and fear 
Is false Religion, offring sacred things 
Either to whom it should not, or elsewhere : 
The manner to the Godhead scandal brings ; 

It fears sea. Earth, skie, silence, darkness, light, 
And in the weak soul still hath greatest might. 



-r -mm-r wi nf ^Eic-i] 






. witg. ^-iir - .::x -' 







OF KELIGION. 247 

24. 

The other branch is meer Hypocrisie : 
The world's Keligiox, bom of wit and lust ; 
All which like hunters follow things that flie,* 
And still beyond things found, find something 
must ; 
As God is boundless, endless, infinite : 
So seem these idols to the Hypocrite. 

25. 

Wit there is priest, who sacrifice doth mako 
Of all in Heaven and Earth to his desire ; 
For from this wit, God and Religion take 
As many shapes, as many strange attires 
As there be in the world degrees of change. 
Which upon humours, time, occasion range. 

26. 

This teacheth all ambitious magistrates. 
On sins unquiet, humors how to build. 
Idols of pow'r, to alter Nature's rates. 
And by false fears and hopes make people yield 
Their hearts for temples unto tyrants' laws, 
Which zeal divine, to humane homage di'aws. 

' Southey mittprinta *flco'. G. 



Z. OF RELIGION. 249 

30. 

t Among ourselves likewise there many be 

K That make Religion nothing else but art, 

K To master others of their own degree, 

i: Enthral the simple well-believing heart ; 

r These have opposers, seom obedient fools, 

Affecting ndgn by Education's tools. 



31. 



Ajid though they serve ambitious princes' use, 
AVhile they protect them like a nursing father, 
And while this common traffick of abuse 
Mutually helpcth cither side to gather ; 
Yet mark the end of false combint^d trust. 
It will divide, and smart the people must. 



32. 



For sure in all kinds of Hypocrisie 

Xo bodies yet are found of constant being ; 

No uniforme, no stable mistery ; 

No inward nature, but an outward seeming ; 

No solid truth, no vertue, holiness ; 

But types of these, which Time makes more or 
less. 



And Erom ttiMe sfKings, stiange inimdatiotia flow. 
To diowTt Ute sea-nui^ of HumanitT, 
Vitli BUjsaCRS, coo5pincT, treason, Toe, 
Bt w«b and schisms, prophaning Deity : 

Besides with furies, deeds, Eoith, air and hell 
Tht'T £t, and teach Confiisiia to rebcU. 

34. 

But as their Ktcs a tnw G«i in the Heaven, 
So b there tn:e Ecligion here on Earth : 
Bt nature ? Xo, by grace, not got, but given ; 
In^pir'd. not taught ; from God a second birth : 
tidd dwellt'tli necr aboat us, even within, 
Working the goodness, censoring the an. 



35. 

Sut'h as VTC arc- to Him, to as is Ho ; 
TVithout God thi'ro was no man ever good ; 




OP REUGION. 251 

36. 

Not heathen vertuc, which they do define 
To he a state of mind hy Custome wrought, 
Where suhlime Religion seems to refine 
Affection, perturhation, every thought, 
Unto a Mens Adepta \ which work spent 
Half of the days to humane Hermes lent. 



37. 



For in this work, man still rests slave to Fame, 
To inward caution, outward form and pride, 
With curious watch to guard a rotten frame 
Safe undiscovered from the piercing ey'd, 
Assidious Caution tyrannizing there. 
To moke frail thoughts seem other then they 
are. 



38. 



Under this mask, hesides, no vice is dead, 
But Passion with her counter-passion peaz'd ; 
The evil with it self hoth starv'd ond fed, 
And in her woes with her vain glories eos'd ; 
The work and tools alike, vain flesh and hlood, 
The labour great, the harvest never good. 



OF SELTOIOIT. 



For in this painted tomb, let man's own iinrit 
Beally judge, what that estate oan be 
Which he hegetting in himaelf inherits, 
Other then desbbts of Hypoorisie : 

Within the daifcning ghadowB of his wit. 
Hiding his stains from all the woild bnt it. 



And if the habits of Hypocririe 

With snch attention most be kept and wniii^it ; 

If to mask vice be sach a misteiy. 

As mtut vith her captivity be soaght ; 

If to he nothing, and yet seem to be. 

So nicely he contriv'd and dearly boogh^ 
As vanity must in a phnnix fire 
Smother her self to hatch her false deein! : 

41. 

Then j udge, poor man — Ood's image once, 'tis tme. 
Though now the Devil's, by' thine own defection ; 
Judge man — I say — to moke this imago new. 
And cleanse thy flesh trom thy doep-dy'd infection 

1 Uiiprinted ' be'. G. 



OF RBLIOloy. 253 

What miroulte must uet-ils be wroug)it in you, 
Thutthua stand lost in ull tilings but eli'Ction ? 
What living death, wLat stningo illnminatioD 
Uust be Lnspir'd to thin regeneration ? 

42. 

Xust not the grace be supemutural. 
Which in forgiving pivcs Banctifieation ; 
And from this wK^oad chaos of his fall 
Forms in roan's littb^ world a new creation f 
And must not then this twice-bom child of 



I 



Bring forth in life this new perfection giv'n f 

Then man, pray and oMuin ; belii-ve nnd have ; 

lihcnipotence and goodnt'Bs ready be 

To raise ns with our Saviour from the grave, 

'HHienee Enoch and Rlias livM ftce ; 

Hi: made nil good, yet Bnflrud sin and death 
To rnign, and be cxil'd agiiin by faith, 

44. 

Thru, till thou find this heavenly change in thco 
Of pride to meekness ; atheismc to zeal ; 
LuKt to continence ; anger to charity ; 



Thoo ftx't'st of tby olectiou no tnie ecal ; 

Bat knowledge only, that poor infancy 

Of this poor cipatnre, wbich must then appeal 

Unta the Father for obedience, 

Jadgin^ his hopes and condcnuialioii thence. 



Fi>r what eUe is Beugios in mankind. 
fiat tai^g of Gdil's image there decay'd ? 
No habit, bnt a hallowed state of mind 
W\'rkiEj ia us, that He may be obey'd ? 

A* i-iwi by it with us communicates. 

So wv by duties m^fi with all estates : 

16. 

VP.;?; o'^r Crvalcr, by sincere devotion ; 
W:;i; ^rwr-rv*, by oSserranee and affection ; 
SuTvrv-'r^ iy iv#j*ct of their promotion ; 
lr.:V:i"r5, wi:h The natoiv of protection ; 
lS';;h ill. by diss all things of oar own 




OF RELIGION. 265 

Affections, love ; in death it self a bliss ; 
In body temp'rance ; life, humility, 
Pledge to the mortal of eternity. 

48. 

Pure oncly, whero God makes the spirits pure ; 

It perfect grows, as imperfection dies : 

Built on the rock of truth, that shall endure ; 

A spirit of God, that needs must multiply ; 
He shews His Glory, cleerly to the best, 
Appears in clouds and horror to the rest. 

49. 

Such was the soul in our first sire*8 creation. 
When man knew God and goodness, not the evil : 
Far greater in the Godhead's incarnation, 
Where Truth subdu'd the sin that made the devil ; 
She still is God's, and God for ever one, 
Both unbeliev'd in flesh, and both unknown. 

50. 

Then, Man, learn by thy fall, to judge of neither; 

Our flesh cannot this spirit comprehend ; 

Death and new-birth in us must joyn together ; 

Before our nature where it was ascend : 

Where man presumes on more then ho obeys, 
There straight Keuoigk to opinion straysL 



■^ Tin:;. --m-fir%-r-, e£TT:-r : 
IT. 7r»7^rK r'SE-rn^, and 




OF RELKJloy. 237 

Must feel, that our Chiist can of His loose none, 
Which unto us makes grace and merit one. 

64. 

These he tnie antidotes against despair ; 
Cradles for weakness ; stories for Corruption 
To read, how faith begins to make her fair 
By cleansing sensual sinks of interruption, 

Whereby the throws* of many thoughts bring 
forth 

Light, onely shewing man is nothing worth. 

55. 

YoT this word faith, implies a state of mind ; 

Is both our woing, and our marriage-ring ; 

The first we meet, and last but love we find ; 

A given hand, that feeleth heavenly things ; 
And who believe indeed God, Heav*n and Hell 
Have past in their chief letts' of doing well. 



» Throes. G. 

' llindrancoa : sec ^Ir. "W, A. Wright's Bible Word- 
Bo(»k s. V. *^ FoU(euphia*\ as before, furnishes an cxeelleot 
example of the fonner as distinguished from the present 
meaning of * let ', as follows : ** From small errours, not 
lit at the beginning, spring oft times great and mightie 
mischiefes" (* Of Ignorance *). G. 
& 



Then since 'tis true, we oncly here possess 
Thi'se trcnsuros, but in vessela made of slime ; 
Ecligion wo by eonsequpnce confess 
Here to bo mixt of base thinf;3 and sublime, 
Of native evil, Bupomatural good, 
Truth, bom of God. and error of our blood. 



Tet gold wc have, though much nllay'd' witli 

Ecfining, never perfect in this lil'c ; 

Still in our journey, meeting gain and low ; 

Heat in our deaths, and until then a strife : 

And as our days are want, temptation, i 

So is our zeal, war, prayers, 







'1 -■ 



_i— n 



« 



-V»a i n- TT.-s.- 



tSn ^T17f fcM^- >t T-KfT>* - 






»?;:?. -it -»r ^^nunr t 




OF BELIOIOir. 2S9 

59. 

This work is God's, even His that works all 

wonder, 
His arm not shor[t]ned,' and His goodness one, 
Whose presence breaks sin's middle- wall in sunder. 
And doth in flesh deface the evil's throne ; 
He is all, gives all, hath all where He is, 
And in His absence never soul finds bliss. 

60. 

His ^gypt- wonders here He doth exceed. 
For there He mizt with winds, rain, Nature's lin^ : 
Now by His Spirit, He doth blast our weeds, 
Immediate grace, true miracles divine ; 

Guides not by fires and meteors, night and day, 
His wandring people how to move or stay, 

61. 

But into sinners' hearts, — shadows of death, — 
The saving light of Truth He doth inspire ; 
Fitteth our humane lungs with heavenly breath. 
Our mortal natures with immortal fire ; 

He draws the camel through the needle's eye. 
And makes the chosen ['s] flesh die, ere they die. 



* Southey continues the xniBprint * ahomcd ' G. 



t)F RKLIOIOX. 203 

Doc* \vv Lflieve on Him, on Whom we stay not? 
Can we believe on Him, Whom we obey not ? 

71. 

His pen letl two examples, it is true ; 

First of His chosen, how he grossly fell ;* 

Then, of the thief bom instantly anew ; 

Viee raisM to lieaven, perfection fall'n to hell ; 
And of each nature therefore left not many, 
I^'st hope, or fear, should over-work in any.* 

72. 

Is it not then bv warrant from above, 
That who gives faith, gives true obedience ? 
What other meilium hath our flesh to prove 
That sin with God keeps no intelligence? 

Takes this from man the fruits of Christ His 
death ? 

No, it tnmslatcs him into it by faith. 

73. 

For though (iod gave sucli measure of His grace 
As might in flesh fulfil the second table, 



» I)a»via. G. 

^ As the Fiithor puts it '* He savcnl one of the thieves 
that none might d<r8pair : but one that none might pre- 
sume." G. 



262 OF RELIOIOX. 

68. 

To you they cry, you, that hold the shrine 

A.S sent hy God, yet^ priests of chance and gain! 

Your charge is to distribute things divine ; 

do not lie for God, and sin in vain ! 
Heveal His woi-d. His misteiies expound, 
Else what He works you traveP to confound. 

69. 

You should be^ceys to let His wiU pass out. 

Bind' sin, and free repentance hy His ^vroid ; 

Pear those that scorn, and comfort them that doolil ; 

What drowned Pharaoh, still is Israel's forde : 
Wisdome above the tnith was Adam's sin : 
That veyle which Christ rent off, wiU you walk 
in? 

70. 

Observe faith's naturc, in those hallow'd shrines, 
Both of tlio old and perfect testament ; 
Works be her fruits, her natui*e is divine 
Infus'd by Him that is omnipotent ; 



* Southoy grossly misprints ' ye '. O. 

^ = travail. G. 

^ Soutbcy again grossly misprints * bb'nd *. G. 




I 
I 



Uis pi'U k'lt iH-u exampk-a, it is true ; 

First of His chuwa, how he grossly fell ;' 

Thun, of tho tliicf boi-n iaetautly anew ; 

Vicp roisM to hcorcn, ptTlectioQ fall'n to hi'll ; 
Anil of Pttch oatuit: thi^n-forc Ii-ft not niJiny, 
Lest hope, or fmir, should ovor-work in un;.' 



I' it not then by wnimiit from uhovo. 
Thnt who gives ftiith, gives true obedience f 
Whiit othtT rnvdiiiu) hath our flesh to prove 
That sin with Gml ke«p8 no intelligence? 

Tukes thia from miin the frnits of lliiiHt III* 
death 9 

Xn, it tninaluti's him into it hy fiiitli- 

T-t. 

For though Ood Ruve suth meiisure of Uis ^nce 
As uight iu ivnh tal&l the aecond tabic, 

1 Darid, O. 

' At tbp Father pqU it " Ito mthI out o( tU« thieroa 
thnt Done might dninir : bntonc that none might pre* 



264 OP RELiGioy. 

Tet sin against tlie first, ilid quite deface 
God's image, nnd to raise that who is able ? 

Between the flesh and ftratc that spiritunl fipht 
Needs Father, Son, aDtl their procct-ding Might. 

74. 

Sny, let us grant, God would enable man, 
Afttr his culling, to aecomjiii^h all ; 
Fnim Adiim's sin who yet redeem him can, 
Or Paul's tninsgression cleor before his eall, 

Diit Christ that comes to none of God's in vain ? 

The justest need Him ; for the worst He is siLiiii. 



His life ITe makes example, where He please 
To give His Spirit, which is, to forgive ; 
■What can the Itesh assume it self in these. 
Since reason dies, before his faith can live? 
Who knows God's pow'r, but where He ! 




OF RCLIOIOX. 265 

Establisht by unchanging destiny : 

The Word is cleer, and needs no explanation, 

Onoly the council is a mystery ; 

Why God commanded more then man could do, 
Being all things that He will, and Wisdom too. 

77. 

Why came our Sa^dour, if flesh could fulfill 
The Law enjojm'd ? or if it must transgress, 
Whence took that Justice this unequal will 
To l>ind them more, to whom He giveth less ? 
Here Pow*r indeed to Wisdom must direct, 
Else light saves few, and many doth detect. 

78. 

Strive not then wit, corrupt and disobeying. 

To fetch from Pope's stools, Power's commanding 

thrones. 
Doctrines of might, that suffer no denying. 
Yet divers, as Earth's tempers in her zones ; 
Since Christ's own heard Him, saw Him livo 

and dye 
Yet till He rose, knew not the mistery. 

79. 

Pray then, and think, faith hath her mediation, 
Ask for thy self that Spirit which may judge ; 



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OF RELIC. IDX. 267 

Anil in that which comh mn'd him took delight : 
Both states partakers of eternity, 
In life, or death, as good or ill they be. 

82. 

Both had one school, one form of education, 
Each knew one God, but onclv One obeyM, 
^Vlicre in tlie odds was spiritual adoration, 
And outwartl rites, w^hich ever haye betray'd ; 
• Abel sought God alone, Cain would have more, 
Which pride was in tlie angels judgM before. 

83. 

Thus when creation was a fresh tradition, 
And miracle the proper ground of faith, 
(luiding tlie sin unto her true physitian, 
Yet then — we see — sin multiplyed death : 

For Him that made them, men would not obey ; 

Idols, and Beets n(?'r had any other way, 

84. 

^fcn would be gods, or earthly giants rather ; 
Number their strength, and strength their num- 
ber is ; 
Their doctnne sin, which aa it spreads doth gather 
This present world ; flesh seeks no other bliss. 



OF BELIGION. 269 

When they that held by form, even brake that 
bandy 

And Israel in the outward fail'd before Him ; 
Then came captivity, that earthly hell, 
Planting the Gentiles where His did dwell. 

88. 

In this Time's womb, this uttermost defection 

Of fleshly Israel, came the virgin's seed ; 

That rightfulness which wrought God's own 
election, 

And in the flesh fulflll'd the Law indeed : 

When doctrine, miracles, benefits prov'd vain : 
Then was this Lamb ordained to be slain. 

89. 

Thus by defection from obedience. 
Successively both sin and sects have grown ; 
lieligion is a miracle to Senco, 
The new-man of the old is never known : 

And to those hearts whose gross sins do not die, 
God's testaments are meer philosophy. 

90. 

What latitude this to the world allows, 

Those souls in whom God's image was decay'd, 

Then know, when they perform such spiritual vows 



270 OF RKLIGIOX. 

As underneath our Saviour s cross are laid : 
They that receive His wages, bear His arms, 
Know onely what avails us, and what harms. 

91. 

Wherein to take thrones first, as chief in nii*>ht 
David's we wish, of Salomon's find some, 
!Not in those wisdoms of the infinite. 
But in the rest, which bide more doubtful doom : 
Thrones are the world's, how they stand wel 
Avith heaven, 

Those pow'rs can iudge to whom such "race is 
given. 

92. 

Next that, high-priesthood, whicli the spiiit-fall'n 

Jew 
So prized, and erroneously maintain'd, 
Ceased in Him, Whose saciitice was due 
To all the world, by her defections stainM : 
Small hopes this gives to our cathedral-ehalrs 
The Spirit onely choosing spiritual heirs. 

93. 

Again, for such as strive to undennine, 
The vanity of Home's ore-built foundation 



OK IlKl.KilOX. 271 

AVith sin's ambition, uiukr words divine, 
Hoping to raise sects from her declination ; 
let them know, (iod is to both alike, 
The one He hath, the other He will fetiike, 

91. 

And in the world where Pow'r contirms Opinion, 

Advantage, disadvantage as they stand ; 

Koine hath the odds in age and in dominion ; 

By which the devils all things understand, 
Tlie superstition is too worn a womb 
To raise a new Church now to equal Home. 

9;"). 

Last, for ourselves, which of that Church would 
be 

Which — though invisible — yet was, is, shall 

For ever be the State and treasurie 

Of (iod's eltH.t, which cannot from Him fall : 
Arks now we look for none, nor signes to part 
-t'Kgypt from Israel ; all rests* in the heart. 

96. 

Our three-crown'd miters are but works of Spirit, 
Faitli, key and scepter ; our ambition, love ; 

* SouUu'V niiMprinb* * rest ' (•. 



272 OP Bi'UGiox. 

Built upon graco wc arc, nnd thcace iDherit 
TcmptEitioa, which in us doth purgo and pro 
MortiGc, Tcgeoerate, sonctifji' and raise 
Our old-faU'n Adam to new Adam's ways 

97. 

This word of life, then, let not fleshly man 
Corrapt oud uaregenerate expound ; 
As well the mortal jndge the immortal can. 
Or (IcoinciM find the discords out of sound. 
Of creatures their Creator comprehend : 
"Which they presume that judge before 



Hixc not in functions God and Earth togcthi 
The wisdom of the world and His arc two ; 

One Intituile can well a<^o to neither. 
In each, men have tlicir beings iis thev lio ; 
Tlie woild ilotli build without, our (.lod w 
He truffitks goodness, and she trathvks tin 



Schools have their limits, wherein man nn- 
■\Vliut cn-Uit hopes Truth there, whieh contn 
States have their laws, ull Chm-ches have 
tribes, 



li .>. 




Where un is over rtrongeat, aod inflicts ; 

For man is jodgo, tin<I force still wiadooi tlioro; 
How tan U'mI thence oxpfot a Bpirituul hoir? 



But Ood's ulect etiU humbly pass by these, 
Mulce love their School, and 6cale of ngfati 
Which infinite those hearts desire to plcnsc, 
"While to the world they leave their trickednuas 
8ect and division cannot here ariAc, 
Where every mun in Ood is only wiae. 



fan it tlii'O he a doctrine of despair, 
To use the words or oouncils of our God 
As they stand in Him, though they worn severe ? 
Health of tlio elioBen is the lost child's rod. 
Though (lush cannot believe, yet God is true, 
And uiicly known, where He creates unow. 

102. 

Thing* posaitik- with man arc yet in question; 
God's paw'r, gifts, will, here faith's true Iioks tie: 
At! mediums idsc are but tho sin's suggestion, 
Tlie mover onely makes our nature iiec ; 

Faith and obedience He that askctb gives ; 

And without these Ood's Spirit never lives. 



.1 



''il 



OP BBUQIOy. 



103. 



Again, in this strange var, this wildfrness. 
These Kgfpt brick-kills, from our straw dej 
God ever livelicdt dolh Himself express : 
Help being here from heavenly pow'r dcriT'i 
AfBiction of the Spirit made mnn's true g 
To shew him, God brings what lie will tc 



104. 

Now in this fight, wherein the maD deapuira 
Between the sin and his rcgreneration ; 
Faith upon credit ncrer takes her heirs, 
Goil's wonder in ua works her atlomtion : 
Who from the heaven sends His graces dn' 
To work the same obedienee He will crow 

105. 

This lends us to our Saviour, "Who no more 
Doth nsk then' He enables us to do ; 
The rest He freof^, and takes upon His scon- 
Faith and obedience oncly biniT-i us to : 
All other lulitudes are flesh an.l devil. 
To stain our knowledge ami ciilarKe our i-' 



OF RELIGIOX. 275 

106. 

Offer these truths to Pow'r, will she obey ? 

It prunes her pomp, perchance ploughs up the 

root ; 
It pride of tyrants' humors doth allay, 
Makes God their Lord, and casts them at His 
foot; 
This truth they cannot wave, yet will not do, 
And fear to know because that binds them too. 

107. 

8hew these to Arts ; those riddlrs of the sin 
"Which error first creates, and tlien inlierits ; 
This light consumes thost' mists they flourish in. 
At once deprives their glory and their meiit ; 
Those mortal forms, moulded of humane error. 
Dissolve themselves by looking in this mirror. 



108. 



Shew it to Laws ; God's Law, the true foundation, 
Troves how they build up Earth, and loose the 

] leaven ; 
Give things eternal, mortal limitation, 
0'n>ruling Ilim from whom their laws were 

given: 



^76 OF REUOIOS'. 

Gcd'a laws are right, just, wise, and so 

make as, 
Man's, captioua, divers, laJae, aod so th< 



Shew it the outward Church, strange specu 
For that hypocriaie to see the life ; 
They that eeU God for earthly estimation. 
Arc here divorc't from that adultcroas wife 
For thia truth teachoth maokind to t 

While God more justly for HU own denies 



Offer these truths to flesh ; in gcneru] 

God in His power and truth they do confess ■ 

But want of fiiith, that vonomo of their fall,' 
Despairs to undergo His rightcousiiess ■ 
Thuy tliink God good, and so His mercy ti 
Yet hold good lifo impossible to dust 



Ontly that little flock,— (Jod'a own elixt— 
AV'lio living in the world, yet of it ure not ; 



or BELiGiox. 277 

God is the wealth, will, empire, they affect ;* 
His law, their wisdom ; for the rest thoy can? not ; 
Amcmg all floods this ark is still presen-'d. 
Storms of the world are for her own preserved. 

112. 

For their sake, God doth give restraining grace 
To His seen Charch, and to the heathen too ; 
Sets sin her latitude of time and place, 
That onely she her own may still undoc ; 
And where the sin is free to all, as one. 
He binds temptation to preserve His own. 

lis. 

So as though still in wilderness thoy live, 

As gone from -^gypt, suffer Israel's care ; 

Yet food and clothes that wear not out He gives ; 

Of them that hate them thoy preserved are ; 
This grace restraining, bounds the hypocrites, 
Whose ravine else might spoil the world of 
lights. 

114. 

Then, Majc ! rest on this feeling from above, 
riant thon thy faith on this celestial way ; 



^ Aini at, desire, as before. G. 



iJ